Search results for "Experimental"

Differential effects of MDMA and cocaine on inhibitory avoidance and object recognition tests in rodents.

2017

Introduction Drug addiction continues being a major public problem faced by modern societies with different social, health and legal consequences for the consumers. Consumption of psychostimulants, like cocaine or MDMA (known as ecstasy) are highly prevalent and cognitive and memory impairments have been related with the abuse of these drugs. Aim The aim of this work was to review the most important data of the literature in the last 10 years about the effects of cocaine and MDMA on inhibitory avoidance and object recognition tests in rodents. Development: The object recognition and the inhibitory avoidance tests are popular procedures used to assess different types of memory. We compare th…

Thermal increase in the oral mucosa and in the jawbone during Nd:YAG laser applications. Ex vivo study

2012

Objective: Literature reports bactericidal and biostimulant effects for Nd:YAG laser procedures on bone and oral mucosa but the possible overheating can cause damage to anatomical structures. The aim of the study is the evaluation of thermal increase in different levels of oral tissues: mucosa, periosteum and bone during defocused application of Nd:YAG laser at different parameters. Study Design: Superficial thermal evaluation was performed in pig jaws with a thermal camera device; deep thermal evaluation was realized by 4 thermocouples placed at a subperiosteal level and at 1,2 and 4 mm depth in the jaw bone. Laser applications of 1 minute were performed 5 times (with a pause of 1 minute) …

2019

OBJECTIVE With a combination of different sympathetic tests, we aimed to elucidate whether impairment of sympathetic function in Parkinson's disease (PD) is the consequence of a central or peripheral efferent dysfunction. METHODS Thirty-five patients with early-to-intermediate PD (median age: 63 years; IQR: 57-67 years; disease duration 1-9 years, 15 women) and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (median age: 64.5 years; IQR: 58-68 years; 10 women) were recruited. Autonomic testing was performed in two subgroups and included the assessment of resting cardiovascular parameters, postprandial hypotension (PPH), orthostatic hypotension (OH), and vasoconstriction induced by intradermal micr…

Deviance detection in sound frequency in simple and complex sounds in urethane-anesthetized rats

2019

Mismatch negativity (MMN), which is an electrophysiological response demonstrated in humans and animals, reflects memory-based deviance detection in a series of sounds. However, only a few studies on rodents have used control conditions that were sufficient in eliminating confounding factors that could also explain differential responses to deviant sounds. Furthermore, it is unclear if change detection occurs similarly for sinusoidal and complex sounds. In this study, we investigated frequency change detection in urethane-anesthetized rats by recording local-field potentials from the dura above the auditory cortex. We studied change detection in sinusoidal and complex sounds in a series of …

2017

This study investigated the role of vection (i.e., a visually induced sense of self-motion), optokinetic nystagmus (OKN), and inadvertent head movements in visually induced motion sickness (VIMS), evoked by yaw rotation of the visual surround. These three elements have all been proposed as contributing factors in VIMS, as they can be linked to different motion sickness theories. However, a full understanding of the role of each factor is still lacking because independent manipulation has proven difficult in the past. We adopted an integrative approach to the problem by obtaining measures of potentially relevant parameters in four experimental conditions and subsequently combining them in a …

2018

Purpose: There is some controversy whether or not saccades change with age. This cross-sectional study aims to clarify the characteristics of reflexive saccades at various ages to establish a normative cohort in a standardized set-up. Second objective is to investigate the feasibility of saccadometry in daily ophthalmological practice. Methods: One hundred healthy participants aged between 6 and 76 years underwent an ophthalmologic examination and saccadometry, using an infrared video-oculography device, sampling at 220 Hz. The reflexive saccades were evoked in four directions and three target displacements each (5°/15°/30° horizontally and of 5°/10°/20° vertically). Saccadic peak velocity,…

Histochemical changes in kidneys and adrenals of rats made hypertensive by the Goldblatt method.

1958

Histochemical Changes in Kidneys and Adrenals of Rats made Hypertensive by the Goldblatt Method

Focal elevation of liver microsomal epoxide hydrolase in early preneoplastic stages and its behaviour in the further course of hepatocarcinogenesis.

1981

Abstract Treatment of rats with N-nitrosomorpholine (NNM) for 7 weeks led to a focal increase in liver microsomal epoxide hydrolase (EH) as early as 2 weeks after withdrawal of the carcinogen. This treatment also leads to hyperplastic nodules and liver tumors, but much later. At the same early time point, ATPase activity was decreased in the same islands. Most of these areas already had increased γ-glutamyltranspeptidase activity. The increase in EH at this early time point was more distinct than the decrease in ATPase which has thus far been considered a suitable marker of the earliest stages in hepatocarcinogenesis. The focal increase in EH was also observed in all benign hepatomas, but n…

Panel performance and memory in visually impaired versus sighted panels

2020

International audience; No abstract

n-3 Fatty Acids Modulate T-Cell Calcium Signaling in Obese Macrosomic Rats

2004

Objective: We investigated the effects of a diet containing EPAX-7010, rich in PUFAs such as eicosapentaenoic acid [20:5(n-3)] and docosahexaenoic acid [22:6(n-3)], i.e., a PUFA/EPAX regimen, on T-cell activation in diabetic pregnant rats and their obese pups. Research Methods and Procedures: Mild hyperglycemia in pregnant rats was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin on Day 5 of gestation. T-cell blastogenesis was assayed by using 3H-thymidine, whereas intracellular free calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i) were measured by using Fura-2 in diabetic pregnant rats and their obese offspring. Results: Concavalin-A-stimulated T-cell proliferation was decreased in both pregnant dia…