Search results for "FATTY ACID"
showing 10 items of 1141 documents
In vivo oxydation of [9-14C] cyclic fatty acids derived from linoleic acid in the rat
2006
International audience; Abstract - Heating oils and fats may lead to cyclization of polyunsaturated fatty acids, as for example linolenic acid. Cyclohexenyl and cyclopentenyl fatty acids are subsequently present in some edible oils and these are suspected to induce metabolic disorders. In a previous experiment using [1-14C] labeled molecules, we published that these cyclic fatty acids are beta oxidized to the same extent as linolenic acid, at least for the first cycle of beta oxidation. However, it is possible that the presence of a ring could alter the ability of the organism to fully oxidize the molecule. In order to test this hypothesis, we assessed the oxidative metabolism of cyclic fat…
New insights into the pharmacology of the short-chain free fatty acid receptors 2 and 3
2011
Metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, dyslipidemia or obesity, are more and more weighing on public health expenses in developed countries. Despite active research, these widespread diseases remain difficult to handle. Promising new therapeutic strategies against metabolic diseases include the development of drugs targeting the free fatty acid receptors, as key players in metabolism homeostasis. In this context, the current PhD thesis focuses on the study of two G protein-coupled receptors, namely the short-chain free fatty acid receptors 2 (FFA2) and 3 (FFA3). First, we investigated the expression of the two receptors of interest in a variety of cell types. Then, in order to study the phar…
Rôle du récepteur nucléaire d'activation et de prolifération des péroxysomes (PPAR-alpha) dans la modulation de l'inflammation et l'activation des ce…
2010
We assessed, in this study, the effects of PPARα deficiency on the expression of mRNAencoding for insulin gene transcription factors in pancreatic β-cells along with thoseimplicated in inflammation in adipose tissues. On fasting, the adult PPARα-null mice werehypoglycemic. Serum insulin concentrations and its pancreatic mRNA transcripts weredownregulated in PPARα-null mice, suggesting that PPARα gene deletion contributes to lowinsulin gene transcription. The PPARα gene deletion downregulates the mRNA expression ofinsulin gene transcription factors, i.e., Pdx-1, Nkx6.1 and MafA. Besides, the pancreaticfunction was diminished by PPARα deficiency as PPARα-null mice expressed low pancreaticGlut…
Effect of growing area on tocopherols, carotenoids and fatty acid composition ofPistacia lentiscusedible oil
2014
International audience; In this investigation, we aim to study, for the first time, the effect of the growing area on tocopherols, carotenoids and fatty acid content of Pistacia lentiscus fixed oil. Fruits were harvested from eight different sites located in the north and the centre of Tunisia. Tocopherols, carotenoids and fatty acid content of the fixed oils were determined. The highest carotenoid content was exhibited by Feija oil (10.57 mg/kg of oil). Oueslatia and Tabarka oils displayed the highest alpha-tocopherol content (96.79 and 92.79 mg/kg of oil, respectively). Three major fatty acids were determined: oleic, palmitic and linoleic acids. Oleic acid was the main fatty acid presenti…
Réponses comportementales et préférences envers les acides gras à longue chaîne chez Drosophila melanogaster
2011
Fatty-acids (FAs) are crucial for animal survival and reproduction since these molecules are involved in many metabolic pathways and constitute a substantial store of energy. Despite the strong relationship established between excessive FA consumption and severe human etiologies (obesity, cancer, vascular diseases), our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying FA perception and preference is limited particularly in invertebrates. This is one of the reasons why we decided to investigate, during our PhD thesis, the perception of long-chain FAs (C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3), using the model species Drosophila melanogaster. We have also attempted to characterize some of the biologica…
Stilbenes and resveratrol metabolites improve mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation defects in human fibroblasts
2014
International audience; Background: Inborn enzyme defects of mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation (FAO) form a large group of genetic disorders associated to variable clinical presentations ranging from life-threatening pediatric manifestations up to milder late onset phenotypes, including myopathy. Very few candidate drugs have been identified in this group of disorders. Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenol with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, recently shown to have beneficial metabolic properties in mice models. Our study explores its possible effects on FAO and mitochondrial energy metabolism in human cells, which are still very little documented.Methods: Using cells …
Cyclopropane Fatty Acid Synthase from Oenococcus oeni: Expression in Lactococcus lactis subsp. Cremoris and Biochemical Characterization
2015
Bacterial cyclopropane fatty acid synthases (CFA synthases) catalyze the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) to the double bond of a lipid chain, thereby forming a cyclopropane ring. CFAs contribute to resistance to acidity, dryness, and osmotic imbalance in many bacteria. This work describes the first biochemical characterization of a lactic acid bacterium CFA synthase. We have overexpressed Oenococcus oeni CFA synthase in E. coli in order to purify the enzyme. The optimum cyclopropanation activity was obtained at pH 5.6 and 35.8 °C. The high K(m) (AdoMet) value obtained (2.26 mM) demonstrates the low affinity of O. oeni enzyme toward the L. lactis subsp. cremo…
Biochemical profiling of temperate zone freshwater green microalgae grown in filtered and unfiltered recirculating aquaculture systems effluent and m…
2020
Viljelemällä mikroleviä kalojen kiertovesiviljelyn jätevedessä siitä voidaan poistaa ravinteita ja tuottaa niistä biomassaa. Menetelmää voidaan käyttää korvaamaan perinteistä jäteveden käsittelyä ja kehittämään vesiviljelyn kannattavuutta. Tässä työssä verrattiin kolmen eri viherlevälajin (Haematococcus pluvialis, Monoraphidium griffithii and Selenastrum sp.) kasvua, ravinteiden poistoa, sekä rasvahappo- ja aminohappoprofiileja, kun leviä kasvatettiin suodatetussa tai suodattamattomassa kiertovedessä tai levien elatusaineessa. Monoraphidium ja Selenastrum -lajien kasvunopeudet olivat pienemmät kiertovedessä (0.64 vrk-1 ja 0.50 vrk-1) kuin levien elatusaineessa (0.72 ja 0.59 vrk-1), mutta Ha…
Hemp Flour Particle Size Affects the Quality and Nutritional Profile of the Enriched Functional Pasta
2023
The rheological and chemical quality of pasta samples, which were obtained using the durum wheat semolina fortified with the hemp seed solid residue, after oil extraction, sieved at 530 μm (Hemp 1) or 236 μm (Hemp 2) at different percentages of substitution (5%, 7.5%, and 10%, were evaluated. The total polyphenolic content in hemp flour was quantified in the range of 6.38–6.35 mg GAE/g, and free radical scavenging was included in the range from 3.94–3.75 mmol TEAC/100 g in Hemp 1 and Hemp 2, respectively. The phenolic profiles determined by UHPLC-ESI/QTOF-MS showed that cannabisin C, hydroxycinnamic and protocatechuic acids were the most abundant phenolic compounds in both…
The metabolic responses to electrical pulse-induced contractions in C2C12 myotubes are greater in high glucose medium
2021
Osaa liikunnan terveyshyötyjen mekanismeista on vaikeaa tutkia ihmisillä tai koe-eläimillä. Viljeltyjen C2C12 myotuubien sähköpulssistimulaatiolla (EPS, engl. electrical pulse stimulation) voidaan mallintaa lihassupistuksia ja liikuntaa in vitro –olosuhteissa. EPS:n vaikutusta C2C12 myotuubien aineenvaihduntaan ei kuitenkaan tunneta tarkasti. Lisäksi C2C12 myotuubeja viljellään yleensä korkeassa ei-fysiologisessa 25 mM glukoosipitoisuudessa, mikä voi vaikuttaa EPS-vasteisiin. Tässä tutkimuksessa C2C12 myotuubeja sähköpulssistimuloitiin 24 tunnin ajan sekä matalan 5.5 mM (MG) että korkean 25 mM (KG) glukoosipitoisuuden olosuhteissa, ja aineenvaihduntatuotteiden konsentraatiot analysoitiin se…