Search results for "FLE"
showing 10 items of 3517 documents
Effects of shape of transverse cross-section on the load carrying capacity of laminated glass columns
2014
Abstract In this paper simplified expressions for the calculus of the load carrying capacity of glass columns having rectangular, tee (T) and cruciform (X) transverse cross-sections are proposed and verified against available experimental data. Members with T and X cross-sections are obtained by gluing single multilayered glass panels. The expressions derived take into account of the: shape of the transverse cross-section (rectangular, T, and, X sections); buckling phenomenon (flexural and torsional); failure in the glued sections; long time effects. Case of full connections and absence of connections are considered to determine the range of variation of expressions adopted. The comparison …
Binding, Interaction, and Organization of Proteins with Lipid Model Membranes
1991
Model membrane systems are used to investigate protein recognition and binding at interfaces. Fluorescence microscopy results are presented for interactions of the proteins, phospholipase A2 and antifluorescyl IgG, at lipid monolayer interfaces. Total internal reflection fluorescence measurements are used to quantify albumin and IgG adsorption to supported lipid monolayers.
EFFECTS OF THE MULTIPLE INTERNAL REFLECTION AND SAMPLE THICKNESS CHANGES ON DETERMINATION OF ELECTRO-OPTIC COEFFICIENT VALUES OF A POLYMER FILM
2012
New nonlinear optical (NLO) active organic materials are appealing candidates for optoelectronic and photonic technologies. For the evaluation of new NLO polymer materials for applicability in the mentioned technologies, the most important criteria are their electro-optic (EO) coefficients. We have implemented the Mach–Zehnder interferometric (MZI) method for the determination of EO coefficients of thin organic films. Despite the fact that other multiple optical methods for the determination of thin film EO coefficients are known, the MZI method has been chosen because this particular technique has high sensitivity to phase and intensity modulations in the sample arm of an interferometer an…
Whispering gallery mode resonator sensors referenced to saturated absorption lines in rubidium atoms and a fs frequency comb
2019
Optical Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators (WGMR) can be produced by many methods, for example, by flame melting of silica fibers [1], by polishing of crystals [2], by optical lithography, by solidifying transparent materials, or using commercially available microspheres. They confine light by the total internal reflection and do not need mirror coatings. A part of radiation is traveling outside the WGMR as an evanescent wave and it is used for sensing applications. WGMRs are becoming increasingly popular as biosensors [3] when their surface is covered with antibodies to provide selectivity. Advantage is that light circulates in the resonator and interacts many times with a few molecules at…
Tuneable multicoloured patterns from photonic cross-communication between cholesteric liquid crystal droplets
2014
Monodisperse droplets of planar-aligned cholesteric (N*) liquid crystal exhibit an intriguing capacity for photonic cross-communication, giving rise to colourful patterns that depend sensitively on the N* pitch, droplet positions and illuminated area. The phenomenon results from a combination of omnidirectional selective reflection of N* droplets—which thus act as spherically symmetric self-assembled photonic crystals—and total internal reflection at the continuous phase surface. We outline how the unique optical properties can be employed in numerous applications.
Synchrotron Mössbauer Reflectometry in Materials Science
1999
57Fe nuclear resonant scattering experiments are reported on iron-containing thin films using 14.41 keV synchrotron radiation at angles of grazing incidence around and slightly above the critical angle of the electronic total reflection. In partially oxidised α–Fe films of 20 nm original thickness various oxide and oxihydroxide phases are identified at different depth. In a [Fe/FeSi]10multilayer grown on Zerodur®substrate the Fe—Fe interlayer coupling varies with the distance from the substrate. The antiferromagnetic order of the top layers of this multilayer can be suppressed by external magnetic field. These examples demonstrate the efficiency of synchrotron Mossbauer reflectometry (SMR),…
Review and comparison of experimental techniques used for determination of thin film electro-optic coefficients
2015
The results of electro-optic coefficient measurements performed with three commonly applied techniques used to assess electro-optic coefficients: the Mach–Zehnder, the Teng–Man, and the attenuated total reflectance technique are reported. It is shown that the signal obtained by the Mach–Zehnder and Teng–Man techniques is strongly influenced by the multiple internal reflection and piezo- and electrostrictive thickness change effects, which in our opinion have not been addressed sufficiently in the literature. A novel approach based on using Abeles matrix formalism is implemented for the retrieval of electro-optic coefficients from experimental data. The measurement results, errors, and compa…
Achromatic linear retarder with tunable retardance
2018
We present a universal design and proof-of-concept of a tunable linear retarder of uniform wavelength response in a broad spectral range. It consists of two half-wave retarders (HWR) between two quarter-wave retarders (QWRs), where the uniform retardance can be tuned continuously by simply rotating one of the HWRs. A proof-of-concept of this design is built by using commercially available Fresnel rhomb retarders that provide retardation with almost wavelength uniformity in the visible and near infrared from 450 to 1550 nm. The design is universal, since other achromatic QWRs and HWRs could also be employed. The system is experimentally demonstrated to control the state of polarization of a …
Optical near-field distributions of surface plasmon waveguide modes
2003
International audience; Thin gold stripes, featuring various widths in the micrometer range, were microfabricated to obtain surface-plasmon guides on a glass substrate. Each metal stripe (MS) was excited by an incident surface-plasmon polariton which was itself launched on an extended thin gold film by the total internal reflection of a focused beam coming through the substrate. The optical near-field distributions of the surface-plasmon (sp) modes sustained by the stripes were then recorded using a photon scanning tunneling microscope (PSTM). For a fixed frequency of the incident light, these field distributions are found to depend on the widths of the stripes. We first provide an experime…
Efficient thermo-optically controlled Mach-Zhender interferometers using dielectric-loaded plasmonic waveguides
2012
Compact fiber-coupled dielectric-loaded plasmonic Mach-Zehnder interferometers operating at telecom wavelengths and controlled via the thermo-optic effect are reported. Two fabricated structures with Cytop substrate and a ridge made of PMMA or a cycloaliphatic acrylate polymer (CAP) were considered showing low switching power of 2.35 mW and switching time in the range of microseconds for a CAP ridge and milliseconds switching time for a PMMA ridge. Full output modulation is demonstrated for the structure with a CAP ridge and 40% modulation with a PMMA ridge. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America Compact fiber-coupled dielectric-loaded plasmonic Mach-Zehnder interferometers operating at teleco…