Search results for "FOOD SAFETY"

Occurrence and daily intake of ochratoxin A of organic and non-organic rice and rice products

2005

Abstract Ochratoxin A (OTA) was extracted from 84 rice samples and rice products by using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and analysed with liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection. Samples were collected from rice cultivars, local markets and supermarkets; 64 were of non-organic and 20 of organic production. 7.8% of non-organic samples had OTA levels from 4.3 to 27.3 μg/kg and in 30% of organic samples was detected the presence of this mycotoxin varying from 1.0 to 7.1 μg/kg. OTA presence was confirmed by methyl-ester derivatization. Rice and rice products labelled with denomination of origin (DO) were not detected OTA due to the fact that its production has implement…

Occurrence and legislation of mycotoxins in food and feed from Morocco

2009

Mycotoxins are natural food and feed contaminants, mainly produced by moulds of genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium. The number of mycotoxins known to exert toxic effect on human and animal health is constantly increasing as well as the legislative provisions taken to control their presence in food and feed. Morocco, a North African country, surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean, has a climate characterized by high humidity and high temperature which favor growth of moulds. This paper gives an overview about the contamination levels and the occurrence of some mycotoxins (e.g. aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, and Fusarium toxins) in cereals, bread, milk, spices, wine, oliv…

Immunoanalytical methods for ochratoxin A monitoring in wine and must based on innovative immunoreagents.

2020

Immunochemical methods are highly deployed in analytical laboratories worldwide for monitoring the incidence of mycotoxins in the food chain. Nevertheless, most conventional immunoassays for ochratoxin A (OTA), including commercial kits, show limitations to robustly determine this mycotoxin in grape-derived products below regulated levels (2 ng/mL). Herein, two rapid tests for sensitive OTA determination in wine and must were developed capitalizing on a collection of bioconjugates from innovative synthetic haptens and monoclonal antibodies with subnanomolar affinity. The ELISA (LOD = 8 pg/mL) showed excellent performance in recovery studies, and it was applied to survey commercial wines and…

Ochratoxin A removal in synthetic media by living and heat-inactivated cells of Oenococcus oeni isolated from wines

2010

The capacity of Oenococcus oeni to eliminate ochratoxin A (OTA) from synthetic media in different conditions was studied. Ten tested O. oeni strains removed OTA from the medium but with significant differences depending on the strain, incubation period, and initial OTA level in the medium. Mycotoxin reductions higher than 60% were recorded in 14-day cultures spiked with 2 mu g OTA/l. Toxin removal was independent of bacterial viability and culture medium composition. This is the first study carried out to study OTA removal dynamics by living and heat-inactivated cells of O. oeni. The results aim that this bacterium may be a very useful tool to control OTA in food and beverages. (C) 2009 Els…

Potential Health Risk Associated with Mycotoxins in Oat Grains Consumed in Spain

2021

Spain is a relevant producer of oats (Avena sativa), but to date there has been no study on the occurrence/co-occurrence of mycotoxins in oats marketed in Spain. The present study is addressed to overcome this lack of knowledge. One hundred oat kernel samples were acquired across different Spanish geographic regions during the years 2015–2019 and analyzed for mycotoxin content using an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–ESI–MS/MS) method and matrix-matched calibration. The focus was on the regulated mycotoxins although other relevant mycotoxins were considered. The percentage of incidence (levels ≥ limit of detection), mean an…

A review of the application of the hazard analysis and critical control point system to salads served in the restaurant of Valencia University

2005

Non-target and suspected-target screening for potentially hazardous chemicals in food contact materials: investigation of paper straws

2020

A non-target screening strategy was developed for the safety evaluation of potentially hazardous chemicals in paper food contact materials (FCMs). A tentative list of suspect analytes was generated using publicly available FCM substance inventories, the presence of contaminants in paper straws was confirmed by high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Data-independent and data-dependent MS and MS/MS results for candidate compounds were processed using a workflow including peak detection by deconvolution, blank subtraction, retention time alignment, formula assignment and fragmentation spectra search against spectral libraries followed by

Emerging Contaminants

2015

Brominated flame retardants (BFRs), compounds formed during food processing, mycotoxins, perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), pesticides, phycotoxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and veterinary drugs are considered environmental emerging contaminants of particular concern. This chapter reviews the most important groups of emerging contaminants as well as the analytical platforms based on mass spectrometry (MS) developed to determine their presence in food. MS instruments utilize many different types of mass analyzers to improve selectivity and also confidence in assigning the identity of these emerging pollutants. Current analytical approaches are discussed together with the majo…

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in grass and milk from urban and rural farms

2000

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels were studied in grass and milk sampled at two farms, one located in a non-contaminated, rural area, and another located in a urban area close to PAH sources such as highways, busy roads, fuel-powered trains and a steel plant. PAH concentration were measured by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using internal deuterated standards. In grasses, unexpectedly, although the sum of PAH concentrations was only slightly higher at the urban farm (83.1 ± 16.1 ng g−1) than the rural farm (51.8 ± 10.6 ng g−1), this difference was not observed for all PAH members. This absence of a striking difference of PAH levels between urban and rura…

Thermal and non-thermal preservation techniques of tiger nuts' beverage "horchata de chufa". Implications for food safety, nutritional and quality pr…

2017

"Horchata de chufa" is a traditional Spanish beverage produced from tiger nuts (Cyperus esculentus L.). Due to its richness in nutritional compounds, it is highly perishable and its conservation by pasteurization and/or adding preservatives is required. Although efficient, conventional thermal treatment for pasteurization induces changes in the nutritional and sensory properties. Replacing conventional pasteurization by non-thermal technologies such as pulsed electric fields, ultraviolet, and high pressure, combined with moderate temperatures (<40°C) allows a reduction of energy consumption, along with the preservation of the most thermo-sensitive molecules. Accordingly, this review deals w…