Search results for "Fatty acids."
showing 10 items of 706 documents
Triacylglycerols in edible oils: Determination, characterization, quantitation, chemometric approach and evaluation of adulterations
2017
Vegetable oils are a dietary source of lipids that constitute an essential component of a healthy diet. The commonly used vegetable oils differ significantly for their triacylglycerol (TAG) profile. TAGs represent the principal components of oils and may contain different fatty acids (FA) esterified with glycerol leading to several positional isomers. To differentiate individual TAGs species in edible oils, advanced analysis systems and innovative methods are therefore required. TAGs can be considered as good fingerprints for quality control and many studies have been performed to develop rapid and low cost analytical methods to determinate the authenticity, origin and eventually evidence f…
Impact of high-pressure processing on vitamin E (α-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol), vitamin D (cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol), and fatty acid profiles i…
2012
In the present study, four high-pressure (HP) treatments (100, 200, 300, and 400 MPa) of 9 min duration were evaluated to assess their effect on the lipid fraction (fat-soluble vitamins and fatty acid profile) of an orange juice-milk and a vegetable beverage. After HP treatment, nonsignificant changes in vitamin D(2) and D(3) contents were observed for both beverages. An increase in vitamin E activity was observed in HP beverages when pressures >100 MPa were applied, mainly due to an increase in α-tocopherol content. Only a small reduction in fat content was found for the orange juice-milk beverage, but no changes were observed for the vegetable beverage. A significant decrease in SFA level…
Study of chemical changes produced in virgin olive oils with different phenolic contents during an accelerated storage treatment.
2009
Chemical changes produced in an extra virgin olive oil sample in the presence (EVOO) and absence (EVOOP) of its phenolic fraction during an accelerated storage treatment at 60 degrees C up to 7 weeks were studied. Modifications in phenol content, as well as changes in several quality parameters (free acidity, peroxide value, UV absorbance, fatty acid composition, oxidative stability index, and tocopherol content) were also evaluated under the same storage conditions and compared to those of the same sample deprived of phenolic compounds. When the phenolic extract of the EVOO was studied, a decrease of the antioxidants first present in the sample and an increase of the oxidized products were…
Pérdida aparente y cuantitativa de ácidos grasos y especies de triglicéridos a temperatura de fritura
2012
[EN]: Olive and sunflower oils were heated at 180 °C for 5, 10 and 15 hours with the aim of defining the changes in the contents of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and triacylglycerols (TAG) under frying conditions. Differences between apparent and real loss of FAME or TAG are defined for an adequate interpretation of the changes taking place at high temperature. Such differences depend on the expression of the results and frequently result in erroneous conclusions. Results showed that from the normalized composition it could be deduced that only the most unsaturated FAME (C18:2) or TAG containing it was significantly altered. However, quantitative data indicated that all the unsaturated FA…
Inhibition of the HER2 pathway by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids prevents breast cancer in fat-1 transgenic mice
2013
Overexpression of the tyrosine kinase receptor, ErbB2/HER2/Neu, occurs in 25–30% of invasive breast cancer (BC) with poor patient prognosis. Due to confounding factors, inconsistencies still remain regarding the protective effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on BC. We therefore evaluated whether fat-1 transgenic mice, endogenously synthesizing n-3 PUFAs from n-6 PUFAs, were protected against BC development, and we then aimed to study in vivo a mechanism potentially involved in such protection. E0771 BC cells were implanted into fat-1 and wild-type (WT) mice. After tumorigenesis examination, we analyzed the expression of proteins involved in the HER2 signaling pathway and lipi…
n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and HER2-positive breast cancer: interest of the fat-1 transgenic mouse model over conventional dietary supplementati…
2013
Overexpression of the tyrosine kinase receptor ErbB2/HER2/Neu, occurs in 25%-30% of invasive breast cancer (BC) with poor patient prognosis. Even if numerous studies have shown prevention of breast cancer by n-3 fatty acid intake, the experimental conditions under which n-3 fatty acids exert their protective effect have been variable from study to study, preventing unifying conclusions. Due to confounding factors, inconsistencies still remain regarding protective effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on BC. When animals are fed with dietary supplementation in n-3 fatty acids (the traditional approach to modify tissue content and decrease the n-6/n-3 ratio) complex dietary intera…
Tanzawaic acid derivatives from freshwater sediment-derived fungus Penicillium sp.
2018
Abstract Chemical investigation of a freshwater sediment-derived fungus, Penicillium sp. (S1a1), led to the isolation of three new tanzawaic acid derivatives, including penitanzchroman (1), tanzawaic acids Y (2) and Z (3), along with six known tanzawaic acid analogues (4-9), three known isochromans (10-12) and two known benzoquinones (13 and 14). The structures of the new compounds were established based on high-resolution mass spectrometry, and detailed analysis of one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. The relative configuration of the new compounds was assigned on the basis of NMR spectroscopic data including ROESY spectra. The absolute configuration was determined based on the speci…
Similar prediction of total mortality, diabetes incidence and cardiovascular events using relative- and absolute-component Mediterranean diet score: …
2013
Abstract Background and Aim Accumulated evidence supports the effectiveness of Mediterranean-type diets (MeDiet) in reducing mortality and preventing several chronic diseases. Widely used scores to assess adherence to MeDiet are based on specific sample characteristics; alternatively, they might be built according to absolute/normative cut-off points for the consumption of specific food groups (pre-defined servings/day or/week). The aim of this study was to compare sample-specific MeDiet adherence scores (MDS) versus absolute-normative scores (Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener – MEDAS) on their association with macronutrient intake, total mortality and incidence of chronic diseases. Des…
A high dietary glycemic index increases total mortality in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk
2014
© 2014 Castro-Quezada et al. Objective: Different types of carbohydrates have diverse glycemic response, thus glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) are used to assess this variation. The impact of dietary GI and GL in all-cause mortality is unknown. The objective of this study was to estimate the association between dietary GI and GL and risk of all-cause mortality in the PREDIMED study. Material and Methods: The PREDIMED study is a randomized nutritional intervention trial for primary cardiovascular prevention based on community-dwelling men and women at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Dietary information was collected at baseline and yearly using a validated 137-item food freque…
Dietary Approaches and Supplements in the Prevention of Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer';s Disease
2016
Age-associated cognitive decline and dementia are conditions in which there is deterioration in memory, thinking, and behavior, with profound effects on the ability to perform everyday activities and well-being. Even if dementia mainly affects older persons, it is not a normal part of aging. Alzheimer's disease accounts for 60-75% of dementia cases. The number of persons affected will increase in the next decades in parallel with aging of the world population. Hence, unless some approach is found to reduce age-related deterioration of cognitive functions, health care costs will continue to rise exponentially. There is a wealth of epidemiological evidence supporting a relationship between di…