Search results for "Fatty acids."
showing 10 items of 706 documents
Eight-week consumption of milk enriched with omega 3 fatty acids raises their blood concentrations yet does not affect lipids and cardiovascular dise…
2014
Adequate concentrations of omega 3 fatty acids (FA) may be maintained by consuming foods naturally rich in or functional foods enriched with those essential FA. We assessed the effects of an 8-week consumption of milk enriched with 400. mg of omega 3 FA on blood lipid levels and selected cardiovascular risk factors in adult healthy volunteers. Participants (n= 157) were randomized to consume - for eight weeks - either 500. mL/day of 1% fat milk providing 150. mg of eicosapentaenoic (EPA), 150. mg of docosahexaenoic (DHA), and 100. mg of α-linolenic (ALA) acids or 500. mL/day of non-enriched 1% fat milk. At week 8, we observed significant increments of blood EPA and DHA in the intervention g…
Hepatic steatosis and peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation.
2012
Three subhepatocellular compartments concur for fatty acids degradation including ω-oxidation in endoplasmic reticulum and β-oxidation in both mitochondria and peroxisomes. Deficits affecting the peroxisomal physiology may be associated with multiple metabolic disturbances. Nowadays, a growing body of evidence underlines the key role of peroxisomal β-oxidation in the sensing of lipid metabolism through the production/degradation of some essential metabolites. Lessons from several mice models strengthen the link between fatty acid β-oxidation in peroxisomes and the nuclear hormone receptor Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR)-α with an additional level of coregualtor complexity,…
PPARα/HNF4α Interplay on Diversified Responsive Elements. Relevance in the Regulation of Liver Peroxisomal Fatty Acid Catabolism
2012
In mammals, the liver is the major organ of fatty acid catabolism. This pathway is involved in both mitochondria and peroxisome. While mitochondria breaks down fatty acids with short, medium and long carbon chains, peroxisomes are involved in the catabolism of very long and branched chain fatty acids, which are degraded by three enzymes: acyl-CoA oxidase, multifunctional enzyme and thiolase enzyme. The active pathway results mainly from a tight transcriptional control of these gene-encoding enzymes. Two major nuclear receptors that are highly expressed in this organ are involved in this control, e.g. PPARα (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, α isoform) and HNF4α (hepatic nuclear fa…
n-3 PUFAs modulate T-cell activation via protein kinase C-α and -ε and the NF-κB signaling pathway
2005
We elucidated the mechanisms of action of two n-3 PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in Jurkat T-cells. Both DHA and EPA were principally incorporated into phospholipids in the following order: phosphatidylcholine < phosphatidylethanolamine < phosphatidylinositol/phosphatidylserine. Furthermore, two isoforms of phospholipase A(2) (i.e., calcium-dependent and calcium-independent) were implicated in the release of DHA and EPA, respectively, during activation of these cells. The two fatty acids inhibited the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced plasma membrane translocation of protein kinase C (PKC)-alpha and -epsilon. The two n-3 PUFAs also inhibited t…
In vivo investigations on microcirculatory disturbances induced by crenated erythrocytes following norepinephrine application
1974
Using a special apparatus for high resolution cinephotomicrography, which allows simultaneous observation and recording of microcirculatory changes, alterations in blood flow patterns and in red cell shape during norepinephrine acting have been studied. Under physiological conditions, and during slowing of capillary blood flow due to gradual removing of 20–25% of the circulating blood volume, the normal red cells are extremely deformable while passing through mesenteric capillaries. After application of norepinephrine a general arteriolar constrictive response in the bowel wall occurs, causing a further slowing of the capillary blood flow in the mesentery. Under these circumstances the eryt…
Determination of fatty alcohol ethoxylates by derivatisation with maleic anhydride followed by liquid chromatography with UV-vis detection.
2007
The esterification of fatty alcohol ethoxylates (FAEs) by melting with maleic anhydride has been studied in the presence of urea. The reaction rate and yield of non-ethoxylated and ethoxylated alcohols increase largely when grinded urea is suspended in the reaction medium, a 100% yield being achieved at 80 degrees C in 15 min. The procedure is tolerant to the presence of large amounts of water. The UV-vis response factors of the derivatives of individual FAE oligomers vary little with the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, n, and the number of ethylene oxide units, m. Derivatised samples of industrial FAE mixtures, cleaning products and river and sea waters were chromatographed on a…
Reactive oxygen species release, vitamin E, fatty acid and phytosterol contents of artificially aged radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seeds during germin…
2012
Abstract Seeds of Raphanus sativus L. subjected to accelerated ageing were investigated for reactive oxygen species (ROS) release and for content of vitamin E (tocopherol, TOC, and tocotrienol, TOC-3), fatty acids and phytosterols in seed coats, cotyledons and embryonic axes during germination. In unaged seeds, ROS release occurred mainly in seed coats of non-imbibed seeds and in seedlings (48 h of imbibition). TOC and TOC-3 were mainly represented by the c-isoform, abundant in embryonic axes. Fatty acids were mainly found in cotyledons. In seed coat and embryonic axis, phytosterols consisted mainly of sitosterols. The effects of ageing were mainly visible in embryonic axes at 48 h of imbib…
Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity across Body Mass Index in Females : Moderating Effect of Endocannabinoids and Temperament
2014
Altres ajuts: This manuscript was supported by grants from Instituto Salud Carlos III (FIS PI11/210 and CIBERobn). Sarah Sauchelli is recipient of a pre-doctoral Grant (2013-17) by IDIBELL. Jose C. Fernández-García is recipient of a 'Rio Hortega' contract from 'Instituto de Salud Carlos III', Madrid, Spain (CM12/00059). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Endocannabinoids and temperament traits have been linked to both physical activity and body mass index (BMI) however no study has explored how these factors interact in females. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to 1) examine differences…
Lipid-lowering nutraceuticals in clinical practice: position paper from an International Lipid Expert Panel
2017
In recent years, there has been growing interest in the possible use of nutraceuticals to improve and optimize dyslipidemia control and therapy. Based on the data from available studies, nutraceuticals might help patients obtain theraputic lipid goals and reduce cardiovascular residual risk. Some nutraceuticals have essential lipid-lowering properties confirmed in studies; some might also have possible positive effects on nonlipid cardiovascular risk factors and have been shown to improve early markers of vascular health such as endothelial function and pulse wave velocity. However, the clinical evidence supporting the use of a single lipid-lowering nutraceutical or a combination of them is…
Fatty acids bind to the fungal elicitor cryptogein and compete with sterols
2001
Abstract Cryptogein is a proteinaceous elicitor of plant defense reactions which also exhibits sterol carrier properties. In this study, we report that this protein binds fatty acids. The stoichiometry of the fatty acid–cryptogein complex is 1:1. Linoleic acid and dehydroergosterol compete for the same site, but elicitin affinity is 27 times lower for fatty acid than for sterol. We show that C7 to C12 saturated and C16 to C22 unsaturated fatty acids are the best ligands. The presence of double bonds markedly increases the affinity of cryptogein for fatty acids. A comparison between elicitins and known lipid transfer proteins is discussed.