Search results for "Food Contamination"
showing 10 items of 280 documents
Interaction effects of enniatin B, deoxinivalenol and alternariol in Caco-2 cells.
2015
Enniatin B (ENN B), deoxinivalenol (DON) and alternariol (AOH) are secondary metabolites of filamentous fungi. These mycotoxins are contaminants of vegetables and cereals. They are cytotoxic and their effects are enhanced by their mixtures. The objectives of this study were to compare the cytotoxicity of ENN B, DON and AOH alone or in combination in human adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells and to evaluate the type of interactions of mycotoxin mixtures by the isobologram analysis. Cells were treated with concentrations ranging from 1.85 to 90μM (AOH) and from 0.312 to 10μM (for ENN B and DON), individually and in combination of two and three mycotoxins (from 1.85 to 30μM for AOH and from 0.312 to…
Mycotoxins in cereals and pulses harvested in Latvia by nanoLC-Orbitrap MS
2021
Twenty-seven mycotoxins in unprocessed cereals (n = 110) and pulses (n = 23) harvested in Latvia were analysed by nanoflow liquid chromatography combined with Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. One or more mycotoxins were found in 99% of the cereals and 78% of the pulses. Deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and T-2 and HT-2 toxins were prevalent in 9 to 86% of the cereals, mostly below their maximum levels as set by the European regulations. Non-regulated type A and B trichothecenes were prevalent in 5 to 87% of the cereals, at concentrations of 0.27–83 µg kg−1 and 1.7–4,781 µg kg−1, respectively. Quantification of emerging mycotoxins was also provided. Enniatins were detected in 94% of th…
Determination of organic contaminants in food by capillary electrophoresis
2005
This review addresses recent advances in the analysis of organic contaminants, such as antibiotics, pesticides, biological toxins, and food-borne pathogens, in foods by capillary electrophoresis (CE). Special attention is paid to those aspects that increase sensitivity and/or selectivity, such as sample extraction and concentration, on-line preconcentration techniques (stacking), affinity capillaries or/and specific detectors (laser induced fluorescence (LIF), mass spectrometry (MS)). The various CE modes used to separate the compounds and the quantification strategies are also examined. As a result, this work presents an updated overview on the principal applications of CE, together with a…
Analytical Methods for Pesticide Residue Determination in Bee Products
2002
Monitoring pesticide residues in honey, wax, and bees helps to assess the potential risk of these products to consumer health and gives information on the pesticide treatments that have been used on the field crops surrounding the hives. The present review seeks to discuss the basic principles and recent developments in pesticide analysis in bee products and their application in monitoring programs. Consideration is given to extraction, cleanup, chromatographic separation, and detection techniques.
Target analysis of primary aromatic amines combined with a comprehensive screening of migrating substances in kitchen utensils by liquid chromatograp…
2015
An analytical strategy including both the quantitative target analysis of 8 regulated primary aromatic amines (PAAs), as well as a comprehensive post-run target screening of 77 migrating substances, was developed for nylon utensils, using liquid chromatography-orbitrap-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) operating in full scan mode. The accurate mass data were acquired with a resolving power of 50,000 FWHM (scan speed, 2 Hz), and by alternating two acquisition events, ESI+ with and without fragmentation. The target method was validated after statistical optimization of the main ionization and fragmentation parameters. The quantitative method presented appropriate performance to be u…
Lead, cadmium and chromium content of edible vegetables grown in three different agricultural areas
1990
(1990). Lead, cadmium and chromium content of edible vegetables grown in three different agricultural areas. Food Additives & Contaminants: Vol. 7, No. sup1, pp. S22-S25.
Congener profile, occurrence and estimated dietary intake of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in foods marketed in the Region of Valencia (Spain).
2011
During 2006-2008, a monitoring program was conducted on 29 target compounds, including PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs, comprising 150 randomly collected individual food samples marketed in the Region of Valencia, Spain, grouped into 8 categories (vegetables, cereals, fats and oils, eggs, milk and dairy products, fish products, meat and meat products and fish oil). For PCDD/Fs, the highest frequency of detection corresponds to 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD, OCDD, 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF; and PCBs 118, 105 and 156 were the more frequent dl-PCBs. The food groups presenting higher contamination, expressed as toxic equivalents (WHO-TEQs), were fish oil (6.38 pg WHO-TEQ g(-1)fat), fish (1.21 pg WHO-TEQ g(-1)w.w.) and milk an…
Cadmium and lead in infant cereals — electrothermal-atomic absorption spectroscopic determination
1999
Because infant cereals are an important component of the infant diet from the fourth month of life onwards and therefore contribute to the dietetic intake of metals by infants, cadmium and lead were measured in samples of cereals commercially available in Spain. For this purpose an electrothermal atomic absorption (ET-AAS) method for determining cadmium and lead in these products was studied. The ET-AAS instrumental conditions and temperature/time furnace program were selected. The analytical parameters of the method (linearity, detection and quantification limits and precision) show its usefulness in measuring cadmium and lead in infant cereal products. The method was applied to eight diff…
Extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from cookies: a comparative study of ultrasound and microwave-assisted procedures.
2008
The chromatographic determination of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cookies has been improved in order to obtain a fast method with a low limit of detection through the combination of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), oil saponification and solid-phase extraction clean-up before the injection of purified extracts in a C18 201TP52 (5 microm, 250 x 2.1 mm) column. Using acetonitrile-water as mobile phase, with a 50% to 95% w/w acetonitrile gradient for a fixed flow of 0.250 ml min(-1), 15 PAHs were separated in 45 min. The column temperature was maintained at 15 degrees C; and fluorimetric detection was made at a fixed excitation wavelength of 264 nm and emission measurement…
Bioaccessibility and decomposition of cylindrospermopsin in vegetables matrices after the application of an in vitro digestion model.
2018
Research on the human exposure to Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) via consumption of contaminated food is of great interest for risk assessment purposes. The aim of this work is to evaluate for the first time the CYN bioaccessibility in contaminated vegetables (uncooked lettuce and spinach, and boiled spinach) after an in vitro digestion model, including the salivar, gastric and duodenal phases and, colonic fermentation under lactic acid bacteria. The results obtained showed that the digestion processes are able to diminish CYN levels, mainly in the colonic phase, especially in combination with the boiling treatment, decreasing CYN levels in a significant way. Moreover, the potential decomposition…