Search results for "Food and Nutrition"
showing 10 items of 2749 documents
Le flair en images, ou comment est donnée à voir la communication olfactive
2016
How is the action of sniffing others, which has been depreciated by good manners and aesthetic standards, represented in pictures? In unveiling the theme of social sniffing, this essay aims to track variations around the odour of the body and olfactory communication in Western visual arts. This issue implies to examine the social roles of sui generis as well as artefactual human odours, and to assess figurative arts as a means to unveil historical trends in the forms and functions of the sense of smell in our culture. The corpus of figurative works consulted, far from exhaustive, stretches from medieval and classical allegories of smell to the visual language of perfume advertisements, thro…
Desiccation resistance: effect of cuticular hydrocarbons and water content in Drosophila melanogaster adults
2018
Background.The insect cuticle covers the whole body and all appendages and has bi-directionnal selective permeability: it protects against environmental stress and pathogen infection and also helps to reduce water loss. The adult cuticle is often associated with a superficial layer of fatty acid-derived molecules such as waxes and long chain hydrocarbons that prevent rapid dehydration. The waterproofing properties of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHs) depend on their chain length and desaturation number. Drosophila CH biosynthesis involves an enzymatic pathway including several elongase and desaturase enzymes. Methods.The link between desiccation resistance and CH profile remains unclear, so we t…
Acides gras polyinsaturés de la rétine : ont-ils une origine alimentaire ? Lipid Nutri+
2010
National audience; L’objectif du présent article est de faire le point sur l’origine des acides gras polyinsaturés dans la rétine neurale, en se focalisant en particulier sur le DHA. Nous appuierons notre propos en particulier sur nos données récentes obtenues sur des sujets décédés chez qui la rétine neurale et le couple EPR/choriocapillaire ont été prélevés et analysés pour leur contenu en lipides. Le profil en acides gras du tissu adipeux nous a servi de marqueur de consommation. Nous avons ainsi pu rechercher si les teneurs en AGPI de la rétine neurale sont le reflet des habitudes alimentaires des sujets.
La place de la viande dans le modèle alimentaire français
2008
The main objective of this article is to examine the consumption of meat in the French dietary pattern. In particular, we attempted to identify the current structure and evolution in the consumption of meat-based products, the sociological distribution of the meat-based consumption, and the culinary systems of food association/substitution in which it occurs. In this aim, we analyzed the individual data of consumption stemming from nutritional surveys performed by the CRÉDOC in 1999 and 2003, as well as the recent European data about the national indigenous consumption of meats. Both samples included 1,500 representative individuals of the French adult population (quota method) who reported…
New Trends in Molecular Techniques to Identify Microorganisms in Dairy Products
2018
International audience; Dairy products constitute one of the most important types of functional foods. Most of these functional properties have been attributed to their complex microbial ecosystem. Moreover, microorganisms are responsible for the broad diversity of tastes, aromas, and textures of dairy products. For instance, many bacteria make a positive contribution to the organoleptic quality of cheeses or fermented milk. However, some other bacteria may have adverse effects, or may even present a health risk from a safety point of view. Thus, it is of a paramount importance to control microbial ecosystem of dairy products. Traditionally culture-based methods have been used for the ident…
Impact of structural features of odorant molecules on their retention/release behaviours in dairy and pectin gels
2014
International audience; Reducing of fat content in food requires a reformulation that may cause a different perception of aroma. Maintaining an adequate level of acceptability of these reformulated products for consumers requires a better understanding of the mechanisms that control the retention of odorant molecules in food matrices. Although pectins are commonly employed as thickeners, their effect on the retention of odorant molecules in nonhomogeneous products has been examined more frequently than their effect on the retention of odorant molecules in simple gels models.The purpose of this study was to explore and compare the respective effects of pectin in simple model systems. The rel…
In vitro digestion of two age-tailored dairy products in the aging gastrointestinal tract
2023
For older adults (> 65 years old), undernutrition is a severe health problem that can impact the quality of life, induce or aggravate the development of diseases, and reduce life expectancy. Undernutrition can be defined as an inadequate intake of dietary energy and proteins combined with a low muscle mass. Diet-induced muscle mass and strength loss in older adults may be due to insufficient protein intake. Therefore, older adults need to increase the amount of high-quality ingested proteins, particularly foods rich in leucine, to promote muscle health. However, it is still unclear if changes in protein digestibility and absorption kinetics in old age may affect the anabolic effect of high-…
Revelation of aroma potential of grape pomace and spent coffee ground by the use of microbial glycosidases.
2021
The food industry is evolving and tends to reduce its environmental impact, to control its waste and to valorise all of its production. Grapes and coffee are among the main agricultural products in the world and not all of the byproducts resulting from their processing are still valued today. New ways of valorisation are seeked in order to limit production losses. Yet, these byproducts are rich in glycosides, the amount of which may be from two to five times greater than that of the free volatile compounds. Grape pomace and spent coffee ground could be used to naturally produce volatile compounds from their glycosides. These volatile compounds could be useful in the production of cosmetics,…
TRAIL Triggers CRAC-Dependent Calcium Influx and Apoptosis through the Recruitment of Autophagy Proteins to Death-Inducing Signaling Complex
2021
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) selectively kills various cancer cell types, but also leads to the activation of signaling pathways that favor resistance to cell death. Here, we investigated the as yet unknown roles of calcium signaling and autophagy regulatory proteins during TRAIL-induced cell death in leukemia cells. Taking advantage of the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) project, we first found that leukemia patients present a unique TRAIL receptor gene expression pattern that may reflect their resistance to TRAIL. The exposure of NB4 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells to TRAIL induces intracellular Ca2+ influx through a calcium rel…
Sensory & consumer studies with special populations: children and elderly
2015
revue créée en 2015; The need to adapt the usual sensory methods to face the particularities of children and elderly has been emphasized since many years. A diversity of methods that could be used with children according to their developmental stage, and to a lesser extent with elderly depending on their cognitive status, have been described. This review aims at underlining limits but also possibilities for measuring, in children and elderly, sensory reactions, food acceptance and also for exploring cognitive aspects of food perception. The main points to conduct successfully sensory and consumer studies with these populations are highlighted.