Search results for "Foreign"
showing 10 items of 915 documents
Current account adjustment and retained earnings
2019
First published online: 04 March 2019 This paper develops a formal strategy to calculate current accounts with retained earnings ( RE) on equity investment and analyzes their adjustment during the global financial crisis. RE are the part of companies' profits which is reinvested and not distributed to shareholders as dividends. International statistical standards treat RE on foreign direct investment and RE on portfolio investment differently: while the former enter the current and financial account, the latter do not. We show that this differential treatment strongly affects current accounts of several advanced economies, frequently referred to as financial centers, with large positions in…
Finance, globalisation, technology and inequality: Do nonlinearities matter?
2021
Abstract Relying on data for 90 economies over 1970-2015 and panel estimation techniques, we investigate how financial development, globalisation and technology affect income inequality. Our findings reveal significant nonlinearities, consistent with either Ushaped or inverted-U shaped relationships. As such, depending on whether a certain threshold value is achieved, the same determinants of income distribution exert opposite effects in different countries. Globalisation is associated with increasing inequality in most advanced economies, but with falling disparities for the large majority of emerging economies. Technology and financial development lead to increasing inequality for most em…
Portfolio performance and the Euro: Prospects for new potential EMU members
2008
Abstract Entering the EMU removes currency risk for assets originating in the Euro area while diversification opportunities are likely reduced. Taking the perspective of an investor in one of the 12 countries that joined the EU in 2004–2007, we contrast actual optimal composition of international equity holdings against two artificial scenarios: costless hedging against exchange rate risk and presuming the local market to be part of the EMU. State specific optimal portfolios are determined from realized covariances for the period 2000–2006. Optimized risk is found smaller under currency unification and implied Sharp ratios signal significant benefits of EMU participation.
Japan's FDI drivers in a time of financial uncertainty. New evidence based on Bayesian Model Averaging
2021
En este artículo analizamos los determinantes del stock de FDI saliente de Japón para el período 1996–2017. Este período es especialmente relevante ya que abarca un proceso de creciente globalización económica y dos crisis financieras. Para ello, consideramos un amplio conjunto de variables candidatas basadas en la teoría, así como en análisis empíricos previos. Nuestra muestra incluye un total de 27 países anfitriones. Seleccionamos las covariables utilizando una metodología basada en datos, el análisis Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA). Además, también analizamos si estos determinantes cambian según el grado de desarrollo (emergentes vs desarrollados) o las áreas geográficas (UE vs Asia Orie…
Can stability of foreign aid agreement reduce global income inequality?
2017
Abstract Global initiatives on debt relief call for increasing foreign aid assistance to alleviate income inequality. But the potential gains from foreign aid policy coordination may be limited by the willing participation of diverse and self-interested donor countries. If stability of the foreign aid agreement does not occur, then aid effectiveness fails. Thus, the aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of the stability of foreign aid agreement on income redistribution amongst countries. The findings show that stability has positive effects on income mobility from the rich to the poorest countries reducing global income inequality.
INTERNATIONALIZATION STRATEGIES IN OLIGOPOLY WITH HETEROGENEOUS FIRMS
2016
This paper examines the foreign direct investment (FDI) versus exports decision of foreign oligopolistic firms under cost heterogeneity. An additional motivation for firms to invest abroad is the technological sourcing via spillovers, which flow from the host more efficient firm to foreign less advantaged firms. For intermediate values of the set-up costs associated with FDI entry, it is shown that foreign firms choose opposite entry strategies. An equilibrium where the less efficient foreign firm exports whereas the more efficient invests is more likely to happen when foreign firms become more heterogeneous, the larger the trade costs and not too big oligopolistic profitability. Interestin…
The choice of a foreign language as university degree: Expectations and traits of study
2017
The aim of this study is to report the degree which is most demanded by students in their final year of university and training Higher Level and to analyze the influence of parameters of gender, field of study, academic and professional interests and motives in the choosing a degree or qualification Foreign Language. This study involves a total of 1,162 students from Spain, with an age between 17 and 21 occurs years (M= 18.24 years, SD = 1.258). The main conclusions of this research is drawn that about one in ten are students who intend to study the three degrees of a foreign language is in the University (Grade of English Studies, Translation and Interpretation and Primary Mention Foreign …
O ensino da língua em sociedades bilíngues. Aspectos gramaticais e culturais do espanhol de Valência
2019
Despite their homogeneity, all languages have linguistic variety, both geographical and social, and these variations should be taken into account in the teaching and learning of a (foreign) language. In bilingual territories there are constant interferences between the spoken languages, a phenomenon which has attracted the attention of many specialists. In this article, we describe the most outstanding characteristics of spoken Spanish in Valencia, a bilingual territory where, in addition to Spanish, Valencian –a dialect of Catalan- is spoken. We also make some proposals of morphosyntactic and lexical as well as social and cultural character to apply these characteristics to the classroom o…
Enjoyment in the Foreign Language Classroom: Does Gender Matter? A Review of Selected Empirical Studies
2021
The present contribution offers an overview of a new research avenue in the field of second language acquisition (SLA) which began to flourish with the advent of Positive Psychology (PP). The study presents the findings of selected empirical studies on foreign language enjoyment (FLE) conducted in various countries, among foreign language (FL) learners at different ages, and at different proficiency levels. As there is a relatively small body of literature that directly concerns gender differences in FLE, the main aim of the present study is to fill the existing research gap in the field. One of the most significant findings to emerge from this study is that the relationship between FLE and…
Comparing and Contrasting the Studies Reported: Lessons Learnt
2016
This volume, with its title Beliefs, Agency and Identity in Foreign Language Learning and Teaching and the seven empirical studies reported in Chapters 3–9, has explored the phenomena of believing, acting, and identifying (or identity construction), and the interconnectedness of these phenomena in the learning and teaching of English or other foreign languages.