Search results for "Form"
showing 10 items of 43464 documents
’Structural constraints in cyanobacteria-mediated whole-cell biotransformation of methoxylated and methylated derivatives of 2′-hydroxychalcone
2019
Halophilic and freshwater strains of cyanobacteria representing the Oscillatoriales, Nostocales, Chroococcales, and Synechococcales orders of Cyanophyta were examined to determine (i) the resistance of their cultures when suppressed by the presence of exogenous methoxylated and methylated derivatives of 2'-hydroxychalcone, (ii) morphological changes in cells treated with the tested chalcones and, most importantly, (iii) whether these photoautotrophic microorganisms transform chalcone derivatives in a structure- or strain-dependent manner. The growth of cyanobacterial cultures depended on chalcone derivatives and the strain; nevertheless, trends for correlations between these parameters are …
Ecological plant epigenetics: Evidence from model and non-model species, and the way forward
2017
Growing evidence shows that epigenetic mechanisms contribute to complex traits, with implications across many fields of biology. In plant ecology, recent studies have attempted to merge ecological experiments with epigenetic analyses to elucidate the contribution of epigenetics to plant phenotypes, stress responses, adaptation to habitat, and range distributions. While there has been some progress in revealing the role of epigenetics in ecological processes, studies with non-model species have so far been limited to describing broad patterns based on anonymous markers of DNA methylation. In contrast, studies with model species have benefited from powerful genomic resources, which contribute…
The evolutionary ecology of deception
2015
Through dishonest signals or actions, individuals often misinform others to their own benefit. We review recent literature to explore the evolutionary and ecological conditions for deception to be more likely to evolve and be maintained. We identify four conditions: (1) high misinformation potential through perceptual constraints of perceiver; (2) costs and benefits of responding to deception; (3) asymmetric power relationships between individuals and (4) exploitation of common goods. We discuss behavioural and physiological mechanisms that form a deception continuum from secrecy to overt signals. Deceptive tactics usually succeed by being rare and are often evolving under co-evolutionary a…
The Philippine Agriculture: Weaknesses and Controversies
2017
The sugarcane plantations of Negros Island epitomize the huge inequalities in the Philippine countryside. Landlords have controlled vast estates, the haciendas, since the Spanish colonial period. Despite the pressure of peasant associations, revolutionary agrarian movements (Huks, then the communist NPA) and the church support for poor farmers, most efforts to implement a substantial agrarian reform, including in the Marcos period and the CARP of Corazon Aquino, have failed in reducing inequities and improving the life of poor peasants in the country. Hacienda Luisita, a property of the Aquino family, illustrates the difficulties to implement a true agrarian reform. The Philippines hence ap…
Gene expression in diapausing rotifer eggs in response to divergent environmental predictability regimes
2020
AbstractIn unpredictable environments in which reliable cues for predicting environmental variation are lacking, a diversifying bet-hedging strategy for diapause exit is expected to evolve, whereby only a portion of diapausing forms will resume development at the first occurrence of suitable conditions. This study focused on diapause termination in the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis s.s., addressing the transcriptional profile of diapausing eggs from environments differing in the level of predictability and the relationship of such profiles with hatching patterns. RNA-Seq analyses revealed significant differences in gene expression between diapausing eggs produced in the laboratory under com…
Successive Losses of Central Immune Genes Characterize the Gadiformes' Alternate Immunity.
2016
Great genetic variability among teleost immunomes, with gene losses and expansions of central adaptive and innate components, has been discovered through genome sequencing over the last few years. Here, we demonstrate that the innate Myxovirus resistance gene (Mx) is lost from the ancestor of Gadiformes and the closely related Stylephorus chordatus, thus predating the loss of Major Histocompatibility Complex class II (MHCII) in Gadiformes. Although the functional implication of Mx loss is still unknown, we demonstrate that this loss is one of several ancient events appearing in successive order throughout the evolution of teleost immunity. In particular, we find that the loss of Toll-like r…
Two seas, two lineages: How genetic diversity is structured in Atlantic and Mediterranean greater amberjack Seriola dumerili Risso, 1810 (Perciformes…
2016
The vastness of the ocean and our limited ability to observe and monitor the organisms therein make molecular markers particularly useful tools in the investigation of the ecology and evolutionary biology of fish. Nowadays, due to increased demand of fish foods, genetic researches are focused on new candidate species for aquaculture, such as Seriola species. Here, the analyses of eight polymorphic nuclear microsatellites loci and three mitochondrial (mt) DNA genes (16S-rRNA, Cyt-b, and D-Loop) in the greater amberjack, Seriola dumerili, detected breakpoint between Atlantic and Mediterranean populations, presumably arisen by the oceanographic features of the Almeria-Oran Front opposed to the…
Long-Distance Travellers: Phylogeography of a Generalist Parasite, Pholeter gastrophilus, from Cetaceans
2017
We studied the phylogeography and historical demography of the most generalist digenean from cetaceans, Pholeter gastrophilus, exploring the effects of isolation by distance, ecological barriers and hosts' dispersal ability on the population structure of this parasite. The ITS2 rDNA, and the mitochondrial COI and ND1 from 68 individual parasites were analysed. Worms were collected from seven oceanic and coastal cetacean species from the south western Atlantic (SWA), central eastern Atlantic, north eastern Atlantic (NEA), and Mediterranean Sea. Pholeter gastrophilus was considered a single lineage because reciprocal monophyly was not detected in the ML cladogram of all individuals, and seque…
Eduardo Sojo: The architect of the satirical journalism in Spain and Argentina
2016
El artículo analiza la extensa obra de Eduardo Sojo a través de las publicaciones satíricas que fundó en España y en Argentina durante las últimas décadas siglo XIX. A partir de la indagación de algunas de sus caricaturas políticas se reconstruye su posicionamiento político en los diferentes contextos en los que desarrolló su obra y el impacto que suscitó en la opinión pública su discurso en favor de los valores republicanos y su reiterado repudio hacia el clero, en ambos países. This article analyzes Eduardo Sojós extensive work through the satirical publications, which he founded in Spain and Argentina during the last decades of 19 th century. By looking into some of his political cartoon…
Emendation of Rules 5b, 8, 15 and 22 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes to include the rank of phylum.
2021
Following the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes electronic discussion and vote on proposals to include the rank of phylum in the rules of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes, we here announce the results of the ballot. We also present draft versions of the emended Rules 5b, 8, 15 and 22, based on the outcome of the ballot, to be included in the proposal for the preparation of a new revision of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes.