Search results for "Fuel Technology"
showing 10 items of 323 documents
Nanostructured Ni–Co alloy electrodes for both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline electrolyzer
2021
Abstract Ni–Co alloy nanostructured electrodes with high surface area were investigated both as a cathode and anode for an alkaline electrolyzer. Electrodes were obtained by template electrosynthesis at room temperature. The electrolyte composition was tuned in order to obtain different NiCo alloys. The chemical and morphological features of nanostructured electrodes were evaluated by EDS, XRD and SEM analyses. Results show that electrodes with different composition of Ni and Co, made of nanowires well anchored to the substrate, were obtained. For both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions, electrochemical and electrocatalytic tests, performed in 30% w/w KOH aqueous solution, were carried…
Experiments on tritium generation and yield from lithium ceramics during neutron irradiation
2021
Abstract The vacuum extraction method with a mass spectrometry registration of tritium is presented in paper. It can provide a full-range analysis of gas phase composition in the chamber with samples under neutron irradiation. Lithium ceramics Li2TiO3 in the form of pebbles with lithium enrichment on 6Li isotope of 96% was examined. The paper shows the results of reactor experiments on study the extraction of tritium-containing molecules from lithium ceramics Li2TiO3 at various temperatures and reactor power levels at the WWR-K research reactor (Almaty, Kazakhstan). The time dependences of tritium yield from the ampoule with ceramics during reactor irradiation were obtained. Near-surface co…
Diketopyrrolopyrrole based D-π-A-π-D type small organic molecules as hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cells
2018
Abstract Three novel diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) based small organic molecules were synthesized as hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cells. The effects of different donors and π bridges on the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) were discussed. The efficiency of TPADPP-1, TPADPP-2, PTZDPP-2 was 5.10%, 9.85% and 8.16% respectively. Compared to TPADPP-2, the voltage of PTZDPP-2 was higher. Because the electron-donating ability of phenothiazine based donor was larger than that of triphenylamine based donor, the HOMO level of PTZDPP-2 was lower than that of TPADPP-2. The results indicated that the diketopyrrolopyrrole based D-π-A-π-D type small organic molecule might be a…
Recombination in Perovskite Solar Cells
2017
Trap-assisted recombination, despite being lower as compared with traditional inorganic solar cells, is still the dominant recombination mechanism in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and limits their efficiency. We investigate the attributes of the primary trap assisted recombination channels (grain boundaries and interfaces) and their correlation to defect ions in PSCs. We achieve this by using a validated device model to fit the simulations to the experimental data of efficient vacuum-deposited p-i-n and n-i-p CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells, including the light intensity dependence of the open circuit voltage and fill factor. We find that, despite the presence of traps at interfaces and grain bounda…
New prototypes for the isolation of the anodic chambers in microbial fuel cells
2016
This work has been focused on the assessment of new prototypes of MFC in which a more strict separation of the anode and cathode compartments is looked for, in order to attain strict anaerobic conditions in the anode chamber and hence, avoid lack of efficiency due to the prevalence of non-electrogenic competing microorganisms and to optimize composition of the anolyte and catholyte. A cylinder reactor with an inner chamber with graphite bars acting as anodes and the outer one with a stainless steel tube acting as cathode was used in three different configurations and results obtained during lifetests are compared in terms of electricity production, cathode oxygen consumption and anode COD d…
Influence of electrolyte temperature on the synthesis of iron oxide nanostructures by electrochemical anodization for water splitting
2018
[EN] Iron oxide nanostructures are an attractive option for being used as photocatalyst in photoelectrochemical applications such as water splitting for hydrogen production. Nanostructures can be obtained by different techniques, and electrochemical anodization is one of the simplest methods which allows high control of the obtained morphology by controlling its different operational parameters. In the present study, the influence of the electrolyte temperature during electrochemical anodization under stagnant and hydrodynamic conditions was evaluated. Temperature considerably affected the morphology of the obtained nanostructures and their photoelectrochemical behavior. Several techniques …
A Comprehensive Model for the Auto-Ignition Prediction in Spark Ignition Engines Fueled With Mixtures of Gasoline and Methane-Based Fuel
2018
The introduction of natural gas (NG) in the road transport market is proceeding through bifuel vehicles, which, endowed of a double-injection system, can run either with gasoline or with NG. A third possibility is the simultaneous combustion of NG and gasoline, called double-fuel (DF) combustion: the addition of methane to gasoline allows to run the engine with stoichiometric air even at full load, without knocking phenomena, increasing engine efficiency of about 26% and cutting pollutant emissions by 90%. The introduction of DF combustion into series production vehicles requires, however, proper engine calibration (i.e., determination of DF injection and spark timing maps), a process which…
The Shielding Effect of Drilling Fluids on Measurement While Drilling Tool Downhole Compasses—The Effect of Drilling Fluid Composition, Contaminants,…
2016
Materials such as added clays, weight materials, drill solids, and metallic wear products in the drilling fluid are known to distort the geomagnetic field at the location of the measurement while drilling (MWD) tool magnetometers that are used to measure the direction of well path. This distortion contributes to substantial errors in determination of azimuth while drilling deviated wells. These errors may result in missing the target of a long deviated 12 ¼ in. section in the range of 1–200 m, representing a significant cost to be mitigated. The error becomes even more pronounced if drilling occurs in arctic regions close to the magnetic north pole (or south pole). The effect on the magneto…
High performance p-type segmented leg of misfit-layered cobaltite and half-Heusler alloy
2015
In this study, a segmented p-type leg of doped misfit-layered cobaltite Ca_(2.8)Lu_(0.15)Ag_(0.05)Co_4O_(9+δ) and half-Heusler Ti_(0.3)Zr_(0.35)Hf_(0.35)CoSb_(0.8)Sn_(0.2) alloy was fabricated and characterized. The thermoelectric properties of single components, segmented leg, and the electrical contact resistance of the joint part were measured as a function of temperature. The output power generation characteristics of segmented legs were characterized in air under various temperature gradients, ΔT, with the hot side temperature up to 1153 K. At ΔT ≈ 756 K, the maximum conversion efficiency reached a value of ∼5%, which is about 65% of that expected from the materials without parasitic l…
Heat and mass transfer analysis in single cell of PEFC using different PEM and GDL at higher temperature
2019
Abstract According to the H2 and fuel cell road map in Japan, the target operating temperature of polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) should be 90 °C from 2020 to 2025. In this study, the impact of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) and gas diffusion layer (GDL)'s thickness on heat and mass transfer characteristics as well as power generation performance of PEFC is investigated at operating temperature of 90 °C. The in-plane temperature distributions on anode and cathode separator are also measured using thermograph. As a result, it is observed that the increase in power from 1 W to 5 W at the current density of 0.80 A/cm2 as well as even temperature distribution within 1 °C can be obtaine…