Search results for "Fungal infection"

Associations of Antifungal Treatments With Prevention of Fungal Infection in Critically Ill Patients Without Neutropenia

2017

BACKGROUND: Invasive fungal infections are important causes of morbidity and mortality among critically ill patients. Early institution of antifungal therapy is pivotal for mortality reduction. Starting a targeted antifungal therapy after culture positivity and fungi identification requires a long time. Therefore, alternative strategies (globally defined as 'untargeted antifungal treatments') for antifungal therapy institution in patients without proven microbiological evidence of fungal infections have been discussed by international guidelines. This review was originally published in 2006 and updated in 2016. This updated review provides additional evidence for the clinician dealing with …

Performance of existing definitions and tests for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in critically ill, non-neutropenic, adult patients: An upda…

2022

An EORTC Phase II study of caspofungin as first-line therapy of invasive aspergillosis in haematological patients.

2009

OBJECTIVES: Caspofungin was evaluated as first-line monotherapy of invasive aspergillosis (IA) in patients with haematological malignancies and undergoing autologous transplants. METHODS: Adults with proven or probable IA, defined strictly according to EORTC-MSG criteria, were eligible. Those with possible IA were enrolled, but were not evaluable for efficacy unless upgraded to proven/probable disease within 7 days of registration based on investigations performed within 48 h after enrolment. Caspofungin dosage was 70 mg (day 1) followed by 50 mg/day. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with complete or partial response at the end of caspofungin therapy in the modified inten…

Antifungal Stewardship in Light of the Updated Evidence on Untargeted Antifungal Treatment in Critically Ill Patients

2016

Potential association of specific Candida parapsilosis genotypes, bloodstream infections and colonization of health workers' hands.

2014

AbstractFungal nosocomial infections continue to be a serious problem among hospitalized patients, decreasing quality of life and adding millions of euros to healthcare costs. The aim of this study was to describe the pattern of fungi associated with the hands of healthcare workers and to genotype Candida parapsilosis isolates in order to understand whether their high clinical prevalence stems from endemic nosocomial genotypes or from the real emergence of epidemiologically-unrelated strains. Approximately 39% (50/129) of healthcare workers were positive for yeasts and among 77 different fungal isolates recovered, C. parapsilosis was the most frequent (44/77; 57%). Twenty-seven diverse geno…

incidence and risk factors of bacterial sepsis and invasive fungal infection in neonates and infants requiring major surgery: an Italian multicentre …

2022

Background: Limited data are currently available on the incidence rates and risk factors for bacterial sepsis and invasive fungal infections (IFIs) among neonates and infants undergoing major surgery. Aim: To assess the incidence of bacterial sepsis and IFI, fungal colonization, risk factors for sepsis, and mortality in neonates and infants aged <3 months undergoing major surgery. Methods: A multicentre prospective study was conducted involving 13 level-3 neonatal intensive care units in Italy, enrolling all infants aged ≤3 months undergoing major surgery. Findings: From 2018 to 2021, 541 patients were enrolled. During hospitalization, 248 patients had a bacterial infection, and 23 patie…

Malassezia restricta Pneumonia in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: First Report of Two Cases

2021

Emerging fungal infections are a major challenge in solid organ transplantation (SOT) and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. We report two cases of Malassezia restricta pneumonia in SOT recipients. Infections were diagnosed with molecular analysis and histology. Patients were treated with antifungal therapy and have fully recovered.

Optimization of Innovative Three-Dimensionally-Structured Hybrid Vesicles to Improve the Cutaneous Delivery of Clotrimazole for the Treatment of Topi…

2019

New three-dimensionally-structured hybrid phospholipid vesicles, able to load clotrimazole in a high amount (10 mg/mL), were obtained for the first time in this work by significantly reducing the amount of water (&le

Risk stratification for invasive fungal infections in patients with hematological malignancies: SEIFEM recommendations

2016

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Patients with hematological malignancies undergoing conventional chemotherapy, autologous or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are considered at high risk, and Aspergillus spp. represents the most frequently isolated micro-organisms. In the last years, attention has also been focused on other rare molds (e.g., Zygomycetes, Fusarium spp.) responsible for devastating clinical manifestations. The extensive use of antifungal prophylaxis has reduced the infections from yeasts (e.g., candidemia) even though they are still associated with high mortality rates. This pa…

Histopathologic diagnosis in the era of new and old yeast infections in critical ill surgical patients

2014

Several antifungals are currently available for management of invasive fungal infections (IFI), but this exacerbating infectious disease still presents difficulties, especially in the case of opportunistic infection occurring in individuals with seriously impaired defense mechanisms or in multimorbid patients. Patients who undergo complex surgical procedures with or without immunosuppressive therapy are at increased risk for invasive fungal infections. Supplemental procedures for diagnosis, such as indirect monitoring of pathophysiology of the infection, have become a more important and practical way for management of the disease. In this regard, histopathologic and/or cytopathologic examin…