Search results for "Future."
showing 10 items of 414 documents
Hedging of Spatial Temperature Risk with Market-Traded Futures
2011
The main objective of this work is to construct optimal temperature futures from available market-traded contracts to hedge spatial risk. Temperature dynamics are modelled by a stochastic differential equation with spatial dependence. Optimal positions in market-traded futures minimizing the variance are calculated. Examples with numerical simulations based on a fast algorithm for the generation of random fields are presented.
Relationship between endocrine disruptors and obesity with a focus on bisphenol A: a narrative review
2021
International audience; Introduction: Scientific data suggest that early exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) affect -repro, -neuro, -metabolic systems, to which are added other notions such as mixtures, window and duration of exposure, trans-generational effects, and epigenetic mechanisms. Methods: In the present narrative review, we studied the relationship between exposure to EDCs with the appearance and development of obesity. Results: Exposure to EDCs like Bisphenol A during the early stages of development has been shown to lead to weight gain and obesity. EDCs can interfere with endocrine signaling, affect adipocytes differentiation and endocrine function and disrupt meta…
Stable isotopes, radionuclides, and calculated sea surface temperature of two sediment cores in the Sicily Channel
2016
The Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT) occurred in the Aegean Sea from 1988 to 1995 and is the most significant intermediate-to-deep Mediterranean overturning perturbation reported by instrumental records. The EMT was likely caused by accumulation of high salinity waters in the Levantine and enhanced heat loss in the Aegean Sea, coupled with surface water freshening in the Sicily Channel. It is still unknown whether similar transients occurred in the past and, if so, what their forcing processes were. In this study, sediments from the Sicily Channel document surface water freshening (SCFR) at 1910±12, 1812±18, 1725±25 and 1580±30 CE. A regional ocean hindcast links SCFR to enhanced deep-…
What makes carbon traders cluster their orders?
2014
Abstract The ability to trade large amounts of assets at low costs could be hindered when the size of the orders is concentrated at specific trade sizes. This paper documents evidence of size clustering behavior in the European Carbon Futures Market and analyzes the circumstances under which it happens. Our findings show that carbon trades are concentrated in sizes of one to five contracts and in multiples of five. We have also demonstrated that more clustered prices have more clustered sizes, suggesting that price and size resolution in the European Carbon Market are complementary and that carbon traders round both the price and the size of their orders. Finally, the analysis of the key de…
Equilibrium open interest
2010
Abstract This paper analyses what determines an individual investor's risk-sharing demand for options and, aggregating across investors, what the equilibrium demand for options. We find that agents trade options to achieve their desired skewness; specifically, we find that portfolio holdings boil down to a three-fund separation theorem that includes a so-called skewness portfolio that agents like to attain. Our analysis indicates also, however, that the common risk-sharing setup used for option demand and pricing is incompatible with a stylized fact about open interest across strikes.
El litigio climático ante la responsabilidad intergeneracional
2021
El carácter intergeneracional del litigio climático plantea un interés sobre la protección jurídica de las generaciones futuras. La preocupación intergeneracional no es novedosa en el Derecho, sin embargo, debido al ascendiente número de litigios climáticos presentados por jóvenes en nombre propio y en el de las generaciones futuras para demandar mayor ambición climática han incorporado nuevas formas de observar este fenómeno. En esta contribución se lleva a cabo un estudio sobre sus implicaciones, la relevancia que puede tener el reconocimiento en normas internacionales e internas de los vínculos intergeneracionales, y cómo, a través del litigio climático, es posible vislumbrar nuevas form…
Sortase A Inhibitors: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives
2015
Here, we describe the most promising small synthetic organic compounds that act as potent Sortase A inhibitors and cater the potential to be developed as antivirulence drugs. Sortase A is a polypeptide of 206 amino acids, which catalyzes two sequential reactions: (i) thioesterification and (ii) transpeptidation. Sortase A is involved in the process of bacterial adhesion by anchoring LPXTG-containing proteins to lipid II. Sortase A inhibitors do not affect bacterial growth, but they restrain the virulence of pathogenic bacterial strains, thereby preventing infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus or other Gram-positive bacteria. The efficacy of the most promising inhibitors needs to be com…
COVID-19: A forest fire rather than a wave?
2021
As I write this piece, many countries around the world are being described as experiencing a «second wave» of the COVID-19 pandemic. For example, on 19 September 2020, the UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson said: «We are now seeing a second wave coming in. We’ve seen it in France, in Spain, across Europe. It’s been absolutely inevitable, I’m afraid, that we would see it in this country».
 Metaphors are crucial tools for communication and thinking, and can be particularly useful in public health communication. For example, the «second wave» metaphor suggests that there is renewed danger and threat from the virus, and may therefore encourage compliance with measures aimed at reducing transm…
Exploring the Hedging Effectiveness of European Wheat Futures Markets during the 2007-2012 Period
2014
Abstract The hypothesis that speculative behaviour was the cause of the instability of commodity prices has brought renewed interest in futures markets. In this paper, the hedging effectiveness of European and US wheat futures markets were studied to test whether they were affected by the price instability observed after 2007. Indirectly, this could also be thought as a test of whether the increasing presence of speculators in futures markets have made them divorced from physical markets. A multivariate GARCH model was applied to compute optimal hedging ratios. No important evidence was found of a change in the hedging effectiveness after 2007.
Road Traffic Pollution and Childhood Leukemia: A Nationwide Case-control Study in Italy
2016
Background The association of childhood leukemia with traffic pollution was considered in a number of studies from 1989 onwards, with results not entirely consistent and little information regarding subtypes. Aim of the study We used the data of the Italian SETIL case-control on childhood leukemia to explore the risk by leukemia subtypes associated to exposure to vehicular traffic. Methods We included in the analyses 648 cases of childhood leukemia (565 Acute lymphoblastic–ALL and 80 Acute non lymphoblastic-AnLL) and 980 controls. Information on traffic exposure was collected from questionnaire interviews and from the geocoding of house addresses, for all periods of life of the children. Re…