Search results for "GLOBAL CHANGE"

Discriminating impacts of geomorphological and human factors on vineyard soil erosion (Burgundy, France)

2014

International audience; The Burgundy vineyards have been recognized for the high diversity of Terroirs, controlled by complex interactions between natural features, historical parameters and soil management practices. Vineyards are known to undergo substantial soil loss in comparison with other types of agricultural land. Hydric erosion on vineyards is controlled by complex interactions of natural and anthropogenic factors leading to intra-plot spatial heterogeneities of topsoil at a scale of a metre. Studying the relationship between soils and their degradation is crucial in this situation where soil sustainability is threatened. This study explores the relative influences of historical an…

Les relations entre qualité des cours d'eau et occupation du sol dans le Morvan : production et transfert de matières organiques en solution

2009

10 pages; National audience

The role of maternal effects in host-parasite interactions: examination of the development of the immune defense in a colonial seabird, the black-leg…

2004

One of the main aims of evolutionary biology is to understand the mechanisms responsible for the phenotypic variation on which natural selection can act. Maternal effects occur when a mother's phenotype or her environment influence her offspring's phenotype. Despite the importance of such effects for the ecology of host-parasite interactions, their role has been relatively neglected to date. In this thesis, we examined how mothers influence the immune defense of their young in an environment that varies in space and time. This work has primarily focused on a colonial seabird, the black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla). Using this model, we have first shown that specific maternal antibodi…

Preliminary assessment of the impact of an extreme storm on catalan mediterranean benthic communities

2009

Inversions de température dans le Jura

2018

L'étude des inversions, événements climatiques qui provoquent de nombreux pics de pollution nocifs, est primordiale. Quatorze sites composés de deux stations proches et quatre autres mettant en relation une station de plaine avec une station de montagne permettent d'analyser la fréquence, l'intensité et la durée des inversions locales et régionales. La fréquence moyenne des inversions est élevée lors des tn (50 %) avec des maximums supérieurs à 70% en certains sites et en décembre. L'intensité des inversions tant locales que régionales est faible (respectivement 2°C et 1°C en moyenne). La durée des inversions est faible : 60 % d'entre elles concernent juste la fin de nuit. Parmi les inversi…

Cambio climático y sustentabilidad económica y social: implicaciones sobre el bienestar social

2008

This article puts forward an explanation of climate change within the context of global change. Climate change can be seen as the spearhead; as a manifestation of the increasing unsustainability of planet Earth. We consider some of the effects of this change, examining its uneven impact on developed and under-developed countries. We then put forward various proposals of how to deal with climate change, highlighting Socolow’s theory in particular. Lastly, we move on to the debate raised by climate change, its impact and possible strategic steps to remedy the situation within the context of environmental sustainability. This will probably lead to a new economic, social and environmental parad…

ESTIMATION OF OCEANIC PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON WITH MACHINE LEARNING

2020

Understanding and quantifying ocean carbon sinks of the planet is of paramount relevance in the current scenario of global change. Particulate organic carbon (POC) is a key biogeochemical parameter that helps us characterize export processes of the ocean. Ocean color observations enable the estimation of bio-optical proxies of POC (i.e. particulate backscattering coefficient, bbp) in the surface layer of the ocean quasi-synoptically. In parallel, the Argo program distributes vertical profiles of the physical properties with a global coverage and a high spatio-temporal resolution. Merging satellite ocean color and Argo data using a neural networkbased method has already shown strong potentia…

Sedimentation and tropical vegetation changes in Southern Benin (West Africa), carbon-13 tracing of organic matter dynamics and fluctuations of the s…

2007

12 pages; International audience

Global diversity and geography of soil fungi

2014

Fungi play integral roles in soil nutrient cycling, but the determinants of fungal diversity and biogeographic patterns of key functional groups remain poorly understood. By using pyrosequencing data from hundreds of globally distributed soil samples, we demonstrated fungal diversity that expands upon the taxonomic and molecular diversity recorded so far. Except for ectomycorrhizal symbionts, fungal functional group richness was unrelated to plant diversity and plant-to-fungus richness ratio declined exponentially towards the poles. Climatic factors, followed by edaphic and spatial variables, constituted the best predictors of fungal richness and community composition at the global scale. F…

Global change and human vulnerability to vector-borne diseases

2013

This e-book presents a collection of research and review articles related to the spread, control and basic understanding of vector borne diseases all over the world. It is well known that a multidisciplinary point of view is necessary in order to develop a global vision of this emergent problem. Therefore, in order to promote this holistic approach to the knowledge of vector borne diseases, this e-book contains a total of 19 collaborations of entomologists, epidemiologists, virologists, parasitologists, bacteriologists, zoologists and veterinarians of Europe, Africa, Asia, and America. The title perfectly reflects some of the global factors that are behind the emergence and/or reemergence o…