Search results for "GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS"

Beneficial Intervertebral Disc and Muscle Adaptations in High-Volume Road Cyclists.

2018

Purpose Cycling is widely practiced as a mode of transportation, a leisurely pursuit, and a competitive sport. Approximately half of cyclists experience low back pain. Yet, there has been limited study of spine tissue adaptations due to cycling.Methods To investigate potential risk factors for spinal pain, we compared 18 high-volume cyclists (>150 kmwk(-1) for 5 yr) to 18 height-matched nonsporting referents. Participants had no history of spinal pathology. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to quantify intervertebral disc (IVD) morphology and hydration, and psoas, erector spinae, quadratus lumborum, and multifidus muscle size and fat content. Endurance of trunk muscles (flexors and extens…

Hunter disease before and during enzyme replacement therapy.

2011

Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter disease) is a lysosomal storage disease attributable to X-linked deficiency of the enzyme α-L-iduronate-sulfatase. Because of this deficiency, glycosaminoglycanes accumulate in various tissues and body fluids. We describe three patients representing the broad spectrum of Hunter disease and their response to enzyme replacement therapy. Patient 1 did not manifest central nervous system involvement, patient 2 manifested moderate neurologic disease, and patient 3 had already manifested a severe neurologic course during early infancy. In all patients, improvements in visceral organ size, physical capacity, and gastrointestinal functioning were reported. More…

Effects of physical training on metabolism of connective tissues in young mice.

1980

The effects of physical training on the metabolism of collagen, calcium and glycosaminoglycans in various connective tissues were studied in male NMRI mice. The mice to be trained and their controls were about 3 weeks old (expt. I) and 8 weeks old (expt. II) at the commencement of training. The training was performed on a 5 degree inclined treadmill 5 days a week for 4 weeks in expt. I and for 3 weeks in expt. II. The daily exercise time was progressively increased from 20 min in the first week up to 80 min in the third week. The incorporation of 3H-proline to collagen hydroxyproline was increased by training in long bones, skeletal muscle and Achilles tendon, whereas the incorporation of 3…

FLRT structure: Balancing repulsion and cell adhesion in cortical and vascular development

2014

Summary FLRTs are broadly expressed proteins with the unique property of acting as homophilic cell adhesion molecules and as heterophilic repulsive ligands of Unc5/Netrin receptors. How these functions direct cell behavior and the molecular mechanisms involved remain largely unclear. Here we use X-ray crystallography to reveal the distinct structural bases for FLRT-mediated cell adhesion and repulsion in neurons. We apply this knowledge to elucidate FLRT functions during cortical development. We show that FLRTs regulate both the radial migration of pyramidal neurons, as well as their tangential spread. Mechanistically, radial migration is controlled by repulsive FLRT2-Unc5D interactions, wh…

Quantitative modeling of clinical, cellular, and extracellular matrix variables suggest prognostic indicators in cancer: a model in neuroblastoma

2014

BACKGROUND: Risk classification and treatment stratification for cancer patients is restricted by our incomplete picture of the complex and unknown interactions between the patient's organism and tumor tissues (transformed cells supported by tumor stroma). Moreover, all clinical factors and laboratory studies used to indicate treatment effectiveness and outcomes are by their nature a simplification of the biological system of cancer, and cannot yet incorporate all possible prognostic indicators. METHODS: A multiparametric analysis on 184 tumor cylinders was performed. To highlight the benefit of integrating digitized medical imaging into this field, we present the results of computational s…

Clinicopathological conference: an adolescent girl with severe mental impairment and mucopolysacchariduria.

1985

Inhibition of glycosaminoglycan modification of perlecan domain I by site-directed mutagenesis changes protease sensitivity and laminin-1 binding act…

1998

AbstractGlycosaminoglycan attachment to perlecan domain I (173 residues) was completely prevented by site-directed mutagenesis of Ser-65, Ser-71 and Ser-76 as shown by recombinant production in mammalian cells. This did not interfere with the proper folding of the domain's SEA module but enhanced its sensitivity to neutral proteases. Lack of substitution also abolished binding to the two major heparin binding sites of laminin-1.

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans interact exclusively with conformationally intact HPV L1 assemblies: basis for a virus-like particle ELISA.

2004

In this article, we demonstrate that interaction of human papillomavirus-like particles (HPV-VLPs) with the putative glucosaminoglycan binding receptor is strictly dependent on conformational integrity. Such conformations are present on VLPs and capsomeres but not on monomers of the major capsid protein, L1, confirming reports that capsomeres can induce virus-neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, we show the suitability of this specific interaction for development of VLP-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), using heparin for indirect coupling of VLPs to microtiter plates, which may add an intrinsic quality control. This avoids presentation of linear, often highly cross-reactiv…

Poly(γ-Glutamic Acid) as an Exogenous Promoter of Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells

2015

Cartilage damage and/or aging effects can cause constant pain, which limits the patient's quality of life. Although different strategies have been proposed to enhance the limited regenerative capacity of cartilage tissue, the full production of native and functional cartilaginous extracellular matrix (ECM) has not yet been achieved. Poly(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA), a naturally occurring polyamino acid, biodegradable into glutamate residues, has been explored for tissue regeneration. In this work, γ-PGA's ability to support the production of cartilaginous ECM by human bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and nasal chondrocytes (NCs) was investigated. MSC and NC pellets were cultur…

The effect of detergents on the basement membrane complex of a biologic scaffold material

2013

The basement membrane complex (BMC) is a critical component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that supports and facilitates the growth of cells. This study investigates four detergents commonly used in the process of tissue decellularization and their effect upon the BMC. The BMC of porcine urinary bladder was subjected to 3% Triton-X 100, 8 mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), 4% sodium deoxycholate or 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for 24 h. The BMC structure for each treatment group was assessed by immunolabeling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of the fiber network. The composition was assessed by quantif…