Search results for "Genetic Variation"
showing 10 items of 836 documents
Personalized cancer medicine: from molecular diagnostics to targeted therapy with natural products.
2010
Personalized cancer medicine aims to develop individualized treatment options adapted to factors relevant for the prognosis of each patient. Molecular biomarkers are required to predict the likelihood of an individual tumor's responsiveness or of toxicity in normal organs and to advise optimized treatments with improved efficacy at reduced side effects for each cancer patient. In the present review, we present a concept, which takes advantage of methods of molecular diagnostics to identify predictive markers at the DNA, mRNA, and protein levels. Markers with prognostic value concerning treatment response and patient survival can then be used as targets to develop optimized drugs. We focus o…
Leviers génétiques pour optimiser les interactions positives plantes micro-organismes
2019
International audience
Paraphyly of the Blue Tit (Parus caeruleus) suggested from cytochrome b sequences
2002
The phylogenetic relationships of the Blue Tit-Azure Tit assemblage (genus Parus; Aves: Passeriformes) were studied using mitochondrial DNA sequences of 24 specimens representing seven subspecies from Eurasia and North Africa. Previous work based on comparative morphological and acoustic data suggested a division of the Blue Tit (Parus caeruleus) into two species. Our analyses clearly indicate that the Blue Tit represents a paraphyletic assemblage, including a European/Middle Asian clade that is the sister group to the Azure Tit (Parus cyanus) and a North African clade. The North African clade (teneriffae subspecies group) is a sister group to the European Blue Tit/Azure Tit clade. We sugge…
SNP genotyping elucidates the genetic diversity of Magna Graecia grapevine germplasm and its historical origin and dissemination
2019
Background: Magna Graecia is the ancient name for the modern geopolitical region of South Italy extensively populated by Greek colonizers, shown by archeological and historical evidence to be the oldest wine growing region of Italy, crucial for the spread of specialized viticulture around Mediterranean shores. Here, the genetic diversity of Magna Graecia grape germplasm was assessed and its role in grapevine propagation around the Mediterranean basin was underlined. Results: A large collection of grapevines from Magna Graecia was compared with germplasm from Georgia to the Iberian Peninsula using the 18 K SNP array. A high level of genetic diversity of the analyzed germplasm was determined;…
Association study of affective disorders with genetic polymorphisms of monoamine oxidases
2000
Introduction: Monoamine oxidases (MAO) catalyze the oxidative deamination of monoamines like norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine. The existing MAOs (A and B) have distinct although partially overlapping biological functions and distributions in the brain. MAO A is mainly expressed in catecholaminergic neurons. Thirty-fold differences in enzyme activity of MAO A can be found in cultured cells from different individuals suggesting a genetic determination of enzyme activity. Indeed, a point mutation in the coding region of the gene which creates a restriction site for Fnu4HI alters the activity. Moreover, the pharmacological inhibition of monoamine oxidase A activity is one of the most effe…
Bet-hedging in diapausing egg hatching of temporary rotifer populations - A review of models and new insights
2014
Habitat unpredictability is a local adaptation factor shaping life-history traits in rotifer populations. It may select for the evolution of bet-hedging through risk-spreading strategies in diapausing egg hatching. This means that a fraction of diapausing eggs in wild populations do not hatch even when the conditions are favorable for population growth. Thus, there is a remaining fraction of viable diapausing eggs standing in the sediments for longer periods. According to theory, it is expected that the incidence of bet-hedging strategies for diapausing egg hatching will be higher in more uncertain habitats. Here, we review the major predictions derived from theoretical models applied to th…
Genetic and morphological differentiation in Tephritis bardanae (Diptera: Tephritidae): evidence for host-race formation
2003
The fruit fly Tephritis bardanae infests flower heads of two burdock hosts, Arctium tomentosum and A. minus. Observations suggest host-associated mating and behavioural differences at oviposition indicating host-race status. Previously, flies from each host plant were found to differ slightly in allozyme allele frequencies, but these differences could as well be explained by geographical separation of host plants. In the present study, we explicitly test whether genetic and morphological variance among T. bardanae are explained best by host-plant association or by geographical location, and if this pattern is stable over a 10-year period. Populations of A. tomentosum flies differed signific…
Ten millennia of hepatitis B virus evolution
2021
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been infecting humans for millennia and remains a global health problem, but its past diversity and dispersal routes are largely unknown. We generated HBV genomic data from 137 Eurasians and Native Americans dated between ~10,500 and ~400 years ago. We date the most recent common ancestor of all HBV lineages to between ~20,000 and 12,000 years ago, with the virus present in European and South American hunter-gatherers during the early Holocene. After the European Neolithic transition, Mesolithic HBV strains were replaced by a lineage likely disseminated by early farmers that prevailed throughout western Eurasia for ~4000 years, declining around the end of the 2nd…
Extensive sampling sheds light on species-level diversity in Palearctic Placobdella (Annelida: Clitellata: Glossiphoniiformes)
2022
The bloodfeeding leech genus Placobdella is dominated by North American diversity, with only a single nominal species known from Central America and one from the Palearctic region. This is likely due to considerable underestimation of Palearctic biodiversity, but investigations into potential hidden diversity are lacking. To shed light on this, the present study introduces new data for specimens initially identified as Placobdella costata from Ukraine (close to the type locality), Italy, Germany, Latvia, Montenegro, Bulgaria, Slovenia, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Tunisia, and Algeria, and uses both nuclear (Internal Transcribed Spacer [ITS] region) and mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I …
ISOLATION OF RAT CDNA CLONES CODING FOR THE AUTOANTIGEN SS-B/LA - DETECTION OF SPECIES-SPECIFIC VARIATIONS
1993
Clones of cDNA coding for the autoantigen La (or SS-B) were isolated from a library made from rat liver. A comparison of the rat La cDNA (encoding from nt 38 to 1281 for rat La protein) with the sequences known for human and bovine La protein resulted in the identification of species-specific inserts. The inserts seem to be the result of multiplication of flanking sequences during evolution. In addition to these variations, we observed that rat La cDNAs exhibit non-canonical polyadenylation sites. Finally, a databank search resulted in the identification of a DNA sequence originally termed as TAG or TSG20X (GenBank accession No. X61893) which represents the C terminus of mouse La/SS-B prote…