Search results for "Gliogenesis"
showing 8 items of 8 documents
Engineering of Adult Neurogenesis and Gliogenesis
2016
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) retain their ability to generate newborn neurons throughout life in the mammalian brain. Here, we describe how recently developed virus- and transgenesis-based techniques will help us (1) to understand the functional effects of neurogenesis in health and disease, (2) to design novel approaches to harness the potential for NSPC-associated endogenous repair, and (3) to induce the generation of neurons outside the main neurogenic niches in the adult brain.
Rat CNS cell culture. Enhancement of neuronal survival and delay of glial proliferation by serum from patients with multiple sclerosis. A morphologic…
1984
The addition of serum from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients to the culture medium of dissociated cells from cerebral hemispheres of rat embryos caused a delay in glial proliferation and an enhancement of neuronal survival. Sera from normal individuals and patients with other neurological diseases failed to show this effect. These morphological observations are interpreted as the outcome of inhibition of in vitro gliogenesis.
Chromatin remodelling factor Mll1 is essential for neurogenesis from postnatal neural stem cells
2009
Epigenetic mechanisms that maintain neurogenesis throughout adult life remain poorly understood(1). Trithorax group (trxG) and Polycomb group (PcG) gene products are part of an evolutionarily conserved chromatin remodelling system that activate or silence gene expression, respectively(2). Although PcG member Bmi1 has been shown to be required for postnatal neural stem cell self-renewal(3,4), the role of trxG genes remains unknown. Here we show that the trxG member Mll1 (mixed-lineage leukaemia 1) is required for neurogenesis in the mouse postnatal brain. Mll1-deficient subventricular zone neural stem cells survive, proliferate and efficiently differentiate into glial lineages; however, neur…
Dual roles of Aβ in proliferative processes in an amyloidogenic model of Alzheimer’s disease
2017
Alzheimer’s disease is a major neurodegenerative disorder that leads to severe cognitive deficits in the elderly population. Over the past two decades, multiple studies have focused on elucidating the causative factors underlying memory defects in Alzheimer’s patients. In this regard, new evidence linking Alzheimer’s disease-related pathology and neuronal stem cells suggests that hippocampal neurogenesis impairment is an important factor underlying these cognitive deficits. However, because of conflicting results, the impact of Aβ pathology on neurogenesis/gliogenesis remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of Aβ on neuronal and glial proliferation by using an APP/PS1 transgenic m…
Adult Neurogenesis in Reptiles
2011
Adult neurogenesis in reptiles is a well-documented phenomenon and exists in many telencephalic areas. The newly generated neurons originate along the walls of the lateral ventricles, mainly in the sulci. The putative neural progenitors are radial glial cells. These glial cells give rise to neuroblasts that migrate to their final destination. In general, the new neurons are born in the portion of the ventricular zone (VZ) adjacent to the telencephalic area where they will be recruited and migrate radially through the brain parenchyma along the processes of radial glial cells to their final destination, although migration to the olfactory bulbs (OB) is different. Specifically, it seems that …
Neuroprotection of lipoic acid treatment promotes angiogenesis and reduces the glial scar formation after brain injury
2012
After trauma brain injury, a large number of cells die, releasing neurotoxic chemicals into the extracellular medium, decreasing cellular glutathione levels and increasing reactive oxygen species that affect cell survival and provoke an enlargement of the initial lesion. Alpha-lipoic acid is a potent antioxidant commonly used as a treatment of many degenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis or diabetic neuropathy. Herein, the antioxidant effects of lipoic acid treatment after brain cryo-injury in rat have been studied, as well as cell survival, proliferation in the injured area, gliogenesis and angiogenesis. Thus, it is shown that newborn cells, mostly corresponded with blood vessels …
Stage-Specific Transcription Factors Drive Astrogliogenesis by Remodeling Gene Regulatory Landscapes.
2017
Summary A broad molecular framework of how neural stem cells are specified toward astrocyte fate during brain development has proven elusive. Here we perform comprehensive and integrated transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses to delineate gene regulatory programs that drive the developmental trajectory from mouse embryonic stem cells to astrocytes. We report molecularly distinct phases of astrogliogenesis that exhibit stage- and lineage-specific transcriptomic and epigenetic signatures with unique primed and active chromatin regions, thereby revealing regulatory elements and transcriptional programs underlying astrocyte generation and maturation. By searching for transcription factors that …
In vitro differentiation of E-N-CAM expressing rat neural precursor cells isolated by FACS during prenatal development
1994
Most fetal rat brain cells expressing the embryonal, highly sialylated form of the cell adhesion molecule N-CAM (E-N-CAM) are precursor cells, as judged from the absence of marker molecules specific for mature neural cell types. However, the detection of E-N-CAM+ cells in frozen sections does not provide information on the lineage-specific differentiation of these cells during development. To investigate their differentiation behaviour in vitro, E-N-CAM+ cells were isolated at different times of brain development by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), using a monoclonal antibody (Mab RB21-7) which specifically recognizes polysialic acid (PSA) residues on E-N-CAM. Double-immunofluore…