Search results for "Glutathion"
showing 10 items of 744 documents
Glutathione metabolism in primary astrocyte cultures: flow cytometric evidence of heterogeneous distribution of GSH content.
1993
The time-course of intracellular glutathione (GSH) values after incubation with L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), a selective inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, showed that glutathione turns over with a half-life of 5 h. Intracellular GSH was assayed by flow cytometry using three different methods. Astrocytes showed a narrow range of cellular size but a wide range of intracellular GSH. This heterogeneity was resolved into three distinct subpopulations which represent 20%, 35% and 45% of the total astrocyte number. The less abundant subpopulation had the lower GSH content, while the most abundant was the subpopulation with the higher content. Over 95% of astrocytes were in t…
Antioxidant effect derived from bioaccessible fractions of fruit beverages against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells
2008
Abstract This work evaluates the effect of bioaccessible fractions from fruit beverages against oxidative stress (OS) in Caco-2 cells. A fruit beverage (grape + orange + apricot) (with/without milk and/or iron/zinc) was subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, and bioaccessible fractions were incubated with Caco-2 cell cultures. Following preincubation, OS was induced with 5 mM H 2 O 2 . Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial potential (Δ ψ m ), mitochondrial metabolism (MTT test), intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) were measured. The data evidenced viable cultures with increased mitochondrial metabolism and GSH-Rd ac…
Phytochemical profile and antioxidative properties of Plinia trunciflora fruits: A new source of nutraceuticals.
2020
Abstract This study evaluated the polyphenol profile and the antioxidative properties of Plinia trunciflora (O. Berg) Kausel fruits. Folin-Ciocalteau and pH-jumping methods indicated that these berries are a major source of antioxidant polyphenols (1201.05 mg GAE/100 g FW), particularly anthocyanins. HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analysis identified cyanidine glycosides as the main components. Flavon-3-ols and hydrolysable-tannins were also found. CAA assay showed that extracts of P. trunciflora fruits prevent lipid peroxidation in HepG2 cells with higher efficacy than other colourful fruits (CAA50 935.25 mg FW/mL cell medium). Moreover, our results suggested that the observed antioxidant protection i…
The Antioxidant Potential of White Wines Relies on the Chemistry of Sulfur-Containing Compounds: An Optimized DPPH Assay
2019
The DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay is an easy and efficient method commonly used to determine the antioxidant capacity of many food matrices and beverages. In contrast with red wines, white wines are poorer in antioxidant polyphenolics, and the more hydrophilic sulfur-containing compounds in them may contribute significantly to their antioxidant capacity. The modification of the classical DPPH method, with a methanol-buffer and the measure of EC20 (quantity of sample needed to decrease the initial DPPH concentration by 20%) has shown that sulfur-containing compounds such as cysteine (0.037 ±
Glutathione metabolism in skeletal muscle derived cells of the L6 line
1993
Skeletal muscle derived L6 myoblasts possess a considerably high resting total glutathione (TGSH) pool. Exposure to L-buthionine-[S,R]-sulphoximine resulted in a 90% depletion of the intracellular TGSH pool. All the key enzymes of glutathione metabolism, especially glutathione S-transferase, were observed to be considerably active in the undifferentiated cells. Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity appeared to account for most of the total GSH peroxidase activity of the cells. A significant contribution of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-independent (5 mM acivicin insensitive) mechanism to the extracellular GSH uptake capacity of the muscle cells was evident. Efflux of oxidized glutath…
Antioxidant and glutathione-related enzymatic activities in rat sciatic nerve
1990
Abstract The present work tries to establish the antioxidant capacity of the peripheral nervous tissue of the rat, in terms of the enzymatic activities present in this tissue that either prevent the formation of activated species as the semiquinone radical (DT-diaphorase), protect against activated oxygen species (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase), conjugate natural toxic products or xenobiotics (glutathione S-transferases, especially the activity conjugating 4-hydroxy-nonenal), or complete the glutathione system metabolism (glutathione disulfide reductase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase). All the activities studied are lower in this tissue than they are in liver, except for γ-glutam…
Melatonin protects human red blood cells from oxidative hemolysis: new insights into the radical-scavenging activity.
1999
Antioxidant activity of melatonin in human erythrocytes, exposed to oxidative stress by cumene hydroperoxide (cumOOH), was investigated. CumOOH at 300 microM progressively oxidized a 1% suspension of red blood cells (RBCs), leading to 100% hemolysis in 180 min. Malondialdehyde and protein carbonyls in the membrane showed a progressive increase, as a result of the oxidative damage to membrane lipids and proteins, reaching peak values after 30 and 40 min, respectively. The membrane antioxidant vitamin E and the cytosolic reduced glutathione (GSH) were totally depleted in 20 min. As a consequence of the irreversible oxidative damage to hemoglobin (Hb), hemin accumulated into the RBC membrane d…
Effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide on survival and oxidative status of a non-target herbivore, the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlin…
2018
Abstract Glyphosate is the globally most used herbicide against a wide range of weeds. Glyphosate has been considered safe to animals as it mainly targets physiological pathways in plants. However, recent toxicological studies have revealed that glyphosate can cause various toxic effects also on animals. In this study, we investigated the direct toxic effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH, Roundup® Bio) on 1) survival and 2) oxidative status of a non-target herbivore by using Colorado potato beetles (Leptinotarsa decemlineata), originating from Poland and USA, as model species. Larvae were randomly divided into three groups: 1) high concentration (100% Roundup Bio, 360 g/l), 2) low c…
The symbiosis between Nicotiana tabacum and the endomycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis mosseae increases the plant glutathione level and decreases leaf…
2015
Over time, anthropogenic activities have led to severe cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) pollution in several environments. Plants inhabiting metal(loid)-contaminated areas should be able to sequester and detoxify these toxic elements as soon as they enter roots and leaves. We postulated here that an important role in protecting plants from excessive metal(loid) accumulation and toxicity might be played by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. In fact, human exploitation of plant material derived from Cd- and As-polluted environments may lead to a noxious intake of these toxic elements; in particular, a possible source of Cd and As for humans is given by cigarette and cigar smoke. We investigated …
Antioxidant defense parameters as predictive biomarkers for fermentative capacity of active dried wine yeast.
2014
The production of active dried yeast (ADY) is a common practice in industry for the maintenance of yeast starters and as a means of long term storage. The process, however, causes multiple cell injuries, with oxidative damage being one of the most important stresses. Consequentially, dehydration tolerance is a highly appreciated property in yeast for ADY production. In this study we analyzed the cellular redox environment in three Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine strains, which show markedly different fermentative capacities after dehydration. To measure/quantify the effect of dehydration on the S. cerevisiae strains, we used: (i) fluorescent probes; (ii) antioxidant enzyme activities; (ii) in…