Search results for "Grape"

In-Field LAMP Detection of Flavescence Dorée Phytoplasma in Crude Extracts of the Scaphoideus titanus Vector

2022

One of the most destructive diseases affecting grapevine in Europe is caused by Flavescence Dorée phytoplasma (FDp), which belongs to the 16Sr-V group and is a European Union quarantine pathogen. Although many molecular techniques such as loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) are widely used for the rapid detection of FDp in infected grapevine plants, there is no developed isothermal amplification assay for FDp detection in the insect vectors that are fundamental for the spread of the disease. For this reason, a simple in-field real-time LAMP protocol was optimized and developed for the specific detection of FDp in the insect vector Scaphoideus titanus. The LAMP assay was optimized …

Development of an ad hoc starter culture for the production of functional raw ewes’ milk cheeses through the addition of grape pomace powder

2019

The present work was carried out to select lactic acid bacteria (LAB) resistant to polyphenols in order to develop an ad hoc starter culture for the production of functional fresh ewes’ milk cheeses through the addition of grape pomace powder (GPP). To this purpose, raw ewes’ milk samples were inoculated with individual polyphenols belonging to five classes: flavanols (cathechin, epicatechin and epigallocathechin), flavonols (quercetin), flavones (rutin), hydroxyl-benzoic acid (vanillic acid and syringic acid) and hydroxyl-cinnamic acid (caffeic acid and cumaric acid). These polyphenols are commonly associated with the wine industry by-products and were added in milk to a final concentratio…

Antagonism of Bacillus subtilis strain AG1 against vine wood fungal pathogens

2009

Summary. Antagonistic substances produced by a Bacillus subtilis strain (AG1), which were previously found to slow down the growth of esca fungi in vitro, were produced in an artifi cial medium, isolated from the cell-free medium by precipitation and acidifi cation (to less than pH 2.5) and extracted from the precipitate with 96% ethanol. The crude extract employed in antibiotic assays confi rmed, in vitro, the antagonism of B. subtilis against Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, and also showed antifungal activity toward Verticillium dahliae and Botryosphaeria rhodina.

Detection of an endophytic Acremonium sp. in healthy or naturally damaged leaves of Vitis vinifera.

2003

Role of Natural Cross Linkers in Resin–Dentin Bond Durability: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2022

Background: The role of endogenous Matrix Metallo Proteinases in resin dentin bond deterioration over time has been well documented. The present study aimed to systematically review the literature; in vitro and ex vivo studies that assessed the outcomes of natural cross-linkers for immediate and long-term tensile bond strength were included. Methods: The manuscript search was carried out in six electronic databases—PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, Cochrane, Web of Science and DOAJ, without publication year limits. Only manuscripts in English (including the translated articles) were selected, and the last search was performed in December 2020. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Revi…

Effect of low SO2 postharvest treatment on quality parameters of ‘Italia’ table grape during prolonged cold storage

2018

Table grape is a non-climacteric fruit with a low rate of physiological activity, very sensitive to water loss and fungal infection (Botrytis cinerea) during postharvest handling and cold storage. Gray mold is the most aggressive postharvest disease, because of its ability to develop at low temperatures, for that reason, it is standard practice to fumigate with sulfur dioxide (SO2) immediately after packing. ‘Italia’ table grape boxes were stored at 2°C for 4 months in a storage room with low concentrations of SO2 (0.20%) to extend their postharvest shelf life. Every 15 days, a sample of ‘Italia’ table grapes boxes was moved to 20°C for 3 days for the shelf life simulation. During storage, …

Study of the impact of viticultural practices on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with vines

2021

Arbuscular mycorrhiza, a mutualistic symbiosis established between plants andarbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), providesmany ecosystem services such as improved soilstructure, increased plant growth and nutrition,and improved tolerance to biotic and abioticstresses. However, intensive agricultural practicesand the use of phytosanitary products as forexample herbicide and fungicides, have a strongimpact on communities of soil microorganisms,including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, as well ason biological mechanisms within the ecosystem.This thesis wotk is part of the European Biovineproject supported by the European Commissionthrough the CORE Organic Cofund.The aim of this research work was …

Monitoring Commercial Starter Culture Development in Presence of Red Grape Pomace Powder to Produce Polyphenol-Enriched Fresh Ovine Cheeses at Indust…

2021

Red grape Nero d’Avola cultivar grape pomace powder (GPP) was applied during fresh ovine cheese production in order to increase polyphenol content. Before cheeses were produced, the bacteria of a freeze-dried commercial starter culture were isolated and tested in vitro against GPP. Two dominant strains, both resistant to GPP, were identified. Thestarter culture was inoculated in pasteurized ewe’s milk and the curd was divided into two bulks, one added with 1% (w/w) GPP and another one GPP-free. GPP did not influence the starter culture development, since lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts were 109 CFU/g in both cheeses at 30 d. To exclude the interference of indigenous LAB, the pasteurized m…

Naphthalenone polyketides produced by Neofusicoccum parvum, a fungus associated with grapevine Botryosphaeria dieback

2016

A strain of Neofusicoccum parvum isolated from declining vines was pathogenic to grapevine cultivar Inzolia in Sicily. This strain produced some metabolites in liquid medium. Crude extract, through a bio-guided purification process, yielded four naphthalenone polyketides. They were identified by comparison with spectroscopic data and optical proprieties reported in literature as: (3S, 4S)-7-ethyl-3,4,8-trihydroxy-6-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-1-(2H)-naphthalenone, (3S*, 4S*)-3,4-dihydro-3,4,8-trihydroxy-7-(1-hydroxyethyl)-6-methoxy-1-(2H)-naphthalenone, (4S)-3,4-dihydro-4,8-dihydroxy-1-(2H)-naphthalenone, named  botryosphaerones D and A, isosclerone, respectively,  and (3S*,4S*)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-1-…

Technical English for agriculture

2021

As the world goes global, the agricultural business needs to move across frontiers and oceans. Food, raw and processed, is regularly transported across continents. As space is no longer a limit for food trade and human nutrition, language cannot represent a barrier to this continuous exchange. In the last 60 years, English has been taking a foothold as the primary language for world trade and the exchange of agricultural goods is no exception. Agricultural sciences embrace a large number of disciplines, from botany to environmental physiology, from soil science to meteorology, from plant propagation to cultural management, from soil management to pest control, from field crops to animal husb…