Search results for "H.2"
showing 10 items of 760 documents
Novel subpopulations in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) identified by population-wide organellar genome sequencing
2019
Background The date palm is one of the oldest cultivated fruit trees. The tree can withstand high temperatures and low water and the fruit can be stored dry offering nutrition across the year. The first region of cultivation is believed to be near modern day Iraq, however, where and if the date palm was domesticated is still a topic of debate. Recent studies of chloroplast and genomic DNA revealed two major subpopulations of cultivars centered in both the Eastern range of date palm cultivation including Arabian Peninsula, Iraq and parts of South Asia, and the Western range, including North Africa. Results To better understand the origins of date palm cultivation we sequenced and analyzed ov…
A high-quality genome assembly from short and long reads for the non-biting midge Chironomus riparius (Diptera)
2020
AbstractBackgroundChironomus riparius is of great importance as a study species in various fields like ecotoxicology, molecular genetics, developmental biology and ecology. However, only a fragmented draft genome exists to date, hindering the recent rush of population genomic studies in this species.FindingsMaking use of 50 NGS datasets, we present a hybrid genome assembly from short and long sequence reads that make C. riparius’ genome one of the most contiguous Dipteran genomes published, the first complete mitochondrial genome of the species and the respective recombination rate as one of the first insect recombination rates at all.ConclusionsThe genome and associated resources will be h…
PSYCHOLOGICZNE I PRAWNE ASPEKTY MOBBINGU W MIEJSCU PRACY
2018
Przemoc w miejscu pracy pojawia się z coraz większą a zarazem niepokojącą częstotliwością. Mobbing traktowany jest jako przykład patologii obserwowanej w organizacji. Stąd konieczność spojrzenia na mobbing w sposób wieloaspektowy. Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie psychologicznej natury zjawiska mobbingu, a także wskazanie na mobbing w kontekście polskiego prawa pracy. W artykule zwrócono uwagę na dwie przestrzenie, w jakich należy przyjrzeć się przemocy w organizacji. Pierwsza część artykułu poświęcona jest aspektom związanym z psychologią zdrowia i psychologią organizacji. Druga część artykułu poświęcona jest przestrzeni prawa pracy. W pierwszej części artykułu skupiono się na psychologicz…
A population genomics analysis of the native Irish Galway sheep breed.
2019
SUMMARYThe Galway sheep population is the only native Irish sheep breed and represents an important livestock genetic resource, which is currently categorised as “at-risk”. In the present study, comparative population genomics analyses of Galway sheep and other sheep populations of European origin were used to investigate the microevolution and recent genetic history of the breed. These analyses support the hypothesis that British Leicester sheep were used in the formation of the Galway breed and suggest more recent gene flow from the Suffolk sheep breed. When compared to conventional and endangered breeds, the Galway breed was intermediate in effective population size, genomic inbreeding a…
Cold adaptation drives population genomic divergence in the ecological specialist, Drosophila montana
2020
Funding: UK Natural Environment Research Council (Grant Number(s): NE/L501852/1, NE/P000592/1); Academy of Finland (GrantNumber(s): 267244, 268214, 322980), Ella ja Georg Ehrnroothin Säätiö. Detecting signatures of ecological adaptation in comparative genomics is challenging, but analysing population samples with characterised geographic distributions, such as clinal variation, can help identify genes showing covariation with important ecological variation. Here, we analysed patterns of geographic variation in the cold-adapted species Drosophila montana across phenotypes, genotypes and environmental conditions and tested for signatures of cold adaptation in population genomic divergence. We…
Computational processing and quality control of Hi-C, capture Hi-C and capture-C data
2019
Hi-C, capture Hi-C (CHC) and Capture-C have contributed greatly to our present understanding of the three-dimensional organization of genomes in the context of transcriptional regulation by characterizing the roles of topological associated domains, enhancer promoter loops and other three-dimensional genomic interactions. The analysis is based on counts of chimeric read pairs that map to interacting regions of the genome. However, the processing and quality control presents a number of unique challenges. We review here the experimental and computational foundations and explain how the characteristics of restriction digests, sonication fragments and read pairs can be exploited to distinguish…
M1 Macrophages Activate Notch Signalling in Epithelial Cells: Relevance in Crohn's Disease
2016
Background: The Notch signalling pathway plays an essential role in mucosal regeneration, which constitutes a key goal of Crohn's disease (CD) treatment. Macrophages coordinate tissue repair and several phenotypes have been reported which differ in the expression of surface proteins, cytokines and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). We analysed the role of HIFs in the expression of Notch ligands in macrophages and the relevance of this pathway in mucosal regeneration. Methods: Human monocytes and U937-derived macrophages were polarized towards the M1 and M2 phenotypes and the expression levels of HIF-1α, HIF-2α, Jagged 1 (Jag1) and delta-like 4 (Dll4) were evaluated. The effects of macrophage…
Longevity: Lesson from model organisms
2019
Research on longevity and healthy aging promises to increase our lifespan and decrease the burden of degenerative diseases with important social and economic effects. Many aging theories have been proposed, and important aging pathways have been discovered. Model organisms have had a crucial role in this process because of their short lifespan, cheap maintenance, and manipulation possibilities. Yeasts, worms, fruit flies, or mammalian models such as mice, monkeys, and recently, dogs, have helped shed light on aging processes. Genes and molecular mechanisms that were found to be critical in simple eukaryotic cells and species have been confirmed in humans mainly by the functional analysis of…
Postnatal development of the dopaminergic signaling involved in the modulation of intestinal motility in mice
2015
Background:Since antidopaminergic drugs are pharmacological agents employed in the management of gastrointestinal motor disorders at all ages, we investigated whether the enteric dopaminergic system may undergo developmental changes after birth.Methods:Intestinal mechanical activity was examined in vitro as changes in isometric tension.Results:In 2-d-old (P2) mice, dopamine induced a contractile effect, decreasing in intensity with age, replaced, at the weaning (day 20), by a relaxant response. Both responses were tetrodotoxin (TTX)-insensitive. In P2, dopaminergic contraction was inhibited by D1-like receptor antagonist and mimicked by D1-like receptor agonist. In 90-d-old (P90) mice, the …
Dual Role of Endogenous Serotonin in 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid-Induced Colitis.
2016
Background and Aims: Changes in gut serotonin content have been described in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and in different experimental models of colitis: the critical role of this monoamine in the pathogenesis of chronic gastrointestinal inflammation is gradually emerging. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the contribution of endogenous serotonin through the activation of its specific receptor subtypes to the local and systemic inflammatory responses in an experimental model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Methods: Colitis was induced by intrarectal 2,4,6-TriNitroBenzene Sulfonic acid in mice subacutely treated with selective antagonists of 5-HT1A (WAY100135), 5-HT2A (Ketanserin), 5-HT…