Search results for "HCl"

showing 10 items of 24 documents

Thermo-mechanical analyses and ways of optimization of the helium cooled DEMO First Wall under RCC-MRx rules

2017

Abstract The EUROfusion Consortium develops a design of a fusion power demonstrator plant (DEMO) in the framework of the European “Horizon 2020” innovation and research program. One of the key components in the fusion reactor is the Breeding Blanket (BB) surrounding the plasma, ensuring tritium self-sufficiency, heat removal for conversion into electricity, and neutron shielding. Among the 4 candidates for the DEMO BB, 2 of them use helium as coolant (HCPB, HCLL), and another one (DCLL) uses helium to cool down the First Wall (FW) only. Due to uncertainties regarding the plasma Heat Flux (HF) load the DEMO BB integrated FW will have to cope with, a set of sensitive thermal and stress analys…

Materials scienceRCC-MRxNuclear engineeringchemistry.chemical_elementBlanket01 natural sciences7. Clean energy010305 fluids & plasmasStress (mechanics)[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics]Materials Science(all)0103 physical sciencesGeneral Materials ScienceCast3M010306 general physicsDEMOHeliumSettore ING-IND/19 - Impianti NucleariCivil and Structural EngineeringSteady stateBreeding BlanketMechanical EngineeringThermo-mechanicFusion powerCoolantFirst WallchemistryCreepHeat fluxNuclear Energy and EngineeringHCLLDEMO; Breeding; Blanket; HCLL; RCC-MRx; Thermo-mechanics; Cast3M; First WallMaterials Science (all)
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Diffusion dialysis for HCl and heavy metals separation from highly concentrated pickling solutions

2019

Disposal of pickling waste solutions strongly affects hot-dip galvanizing industries’ economics and environmental footprint. Thus, the recovery of acid is an important step to enhance the process sustainability. Diffusion dialysis (DD) can be used to separate acids and heavy metals (e.g. iron and zinc) from pickling waters, promoting the circular use of such raw materials. In the present work, two DD modules, a laboratory scale unit operating in batch and a continuous operated large unit, equipped with Fumasep anionic exchange membranes were tested. Results obtained show that zinc and iron affect HCl recovery in opposite way, however reaching high recovery values. In particular, zinc consid…

Industrial waste recoveryHeavy metalAEMIronModelingPickling proceHClDiffusion dialysi
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On the influence of the supporting frame on the nuclear response of the Helium-Cooled Lithium Lead Test Blanket Module for ITER

2006

Abstract Within the European Fusion Technology Programme, very intense research activities have been promoted on the Helium-Cooled Lithium Lead (HCLL) breeding blanket concept with the specific aim of manufacturing a Test Blanket Module (TBM) to be irradiated in ITER. HCLL-TBM is foreseen to be located in an ITER equatorial port, being housed inside a proper steel-supporting frame. In particular, since that frame has been designed to provide two cavities separated by a dividing plate and HCLL-TBM is foreseen to fill just one of them, its nuclear response could vary accordingly to the filling status of the other one, unless the dividing plate is thick enough to isolate the components housed …

Potential impactMaterials scienceMechanical EngineeringNuclear engineeringNeutronicMonte Carlo methodchemistry.chemical_elementBlanketFusion powerlaw.inventionNuclear interactionNuclear physicsNuclear Energy and EngineeringchemistrylawITERNuclear responseHCLL Test Blanket ModuleGeneral Materials ScienceSpark plugHeliumSettore ING-IND/19 - Impianti NucleariCivil and Structural EngineeringParametric statistics
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Thermal optimization of the Helium-Cooled Lithium Lead breeding zone layout design regarding TBR enhancement

2017

Abstract Within the framework of EUROfusion R&D activities, CEA-Saclay has carried out an investigation of the thermal and mechanical performances of alternative designs intended to enhance the Tritium Breeding Ratio (TBR) of the Helium-Cooled Lithium Lead (HCLL) Breeding Blanket (BB) for DEMO. Neutronic calculations performed on the 2014 DEMO HCLL baseline predicted a value of TBR equal to 1.07, lower than the required value of 1.1, necessary to ensure the tritium self-sufficiency of the breeding blanket taking into account uncertainties. In order to reach the TBR target, the strategy of the steel amount reduction inside the HCLL module breeding zone (BZ) has been followed by suppressing s…

Materials scienceNuclear engineeringFinite elementschemistry.chemical_elementDEMO HCLL Breeding blanket Thermo-mechanics Finite elements Cast3MBlanketcomputer.software_genre01 natural sciences7. Clean energy010305 fluids & plasmas[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics]Materials Science(all)0103 physical sciencesThermalGeneral Materials ScienceCast3M010306 general physicsDEMOHeliumSettore ING-IND/19 - Impianti NucleariCivil and Structural EngineeringThermo-mechanicsPage layoutMechanical EngineeringFinite element methodStiffeningchemistryNuclear Energy and EngineeringHCLLBreeding blanketReduction (mathematics)Loss-of-coolant accidentcomputerFusion Engineering and Design
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Eurofusion-DEMO Divertor - Cassette Design and Integration

2020

International audience; The Eurofusion-DEMO design will complete the Pre Conceptual Design phase (PCD) with a PCD Gate, named G1, scheduled to take place in Q4 2020 that will focus on assessing the feasibility of the plant and its main components prior to entering into the Conceptual Design phase. In the paper first an overview is given of the Eurofusion-DEMO Divertor Assembly including design and interface description, systems and functional requirements, load specification, system classification, manufacturing procedures and cost estimate. Then critical issues are discussed and potential design solutions are proposed, e.g.:- Neutron material damage limits of the different (structural) mat…

DEMO; Divertor; CAD DesignMaterials sciencePassive coolingNuclear engineeringPort (circuit theory)01 natural sciences7. Clean energy010305 fluids & plasmas[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics]DivertorConceptual design0103 physical sciencesDEMO fusion reactorGeneral Materials ScienceCAD Design010306 general physicsDEMOnuclear fusionSettore ING-IND/19 - Impianti NucleariCivil and Structural Engineeringelectromagnetic computationToroidNuclear heatingSeparatrixMechanical EngineeringDivertornuclear fusion plasma control electromagnetic computationNuclear Energy and EngineeringTUNGSTEN/EUROFER COATING SYSTEM CONCEPTUAL DESIGN COOLING CIRCUIT PROGRESS HCLLplasma controlHigh heat
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Status of the EU DEMO HCLL breeding blanket design development

2018

International audience; In the framework of the European “HORIZON 2020” innovation and research programme, the EUROfusion Consortium develops a design of a fusion power demonstrator (DEMO). One of the key components in the fusion reactor is the Breeding Blanket (BB) surrounding the plasma, ensuring tritium self-sufficiency, heat removal for conversion into electricity, and neutron shielding. CEA-Saclay, with the support of Wigner-RCP and Centrum výzkumu Řež, is in charge of the development of one of the four BB concepts investigated in Europe for DEMO: the Helium Cooled Lithium Lead (HCLL) BB. The rationales of the HCLL are the use of Eurofer as structural material, eutectic liquid lithium-…

Computer scienceNuclear engineeringBlanketBreeding7. Clean energy01 natural sciences010305 fluids & plasmasTritium breeding ratio0103 physical sciencesGeneral Materials Science010306 general physicsDEMOSettore ING-IND/19 - Impianti NucleariCivil and Structural EngineeringBreeding BlanketHelium gasMechanical EngineeringFusion power[INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and SimulationCoolantNuclear Energy and EngineeringElectromagnetic shieldingHCLLBlanketMaterials Science (all)Design evolution
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On the nuclear response of the HCLL-TBM in ITER-FEAT

2003

NUCLEAR FUSION NEUTRONICS HCLL-TBM
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Thermomineral waters of Greece: geochemical characterization

2020

75 °C). In terms of pH most results vary from 5.5 to 823 °C) ii) warm (23 40 °C) iii) thermal (40 75 °C) and iv) hyperthermal (&gtfew springs show either very low pH (&lt10) proposing serpentinization processes. Regarding TDS concentrations collected waters can be subdivided into low salinity (up to 1.5 g/L) brackish (up to 20 g/L) and saline (up to 43 g/L). The medium high salinities can be justified by mixing with sea water and/or strong waterrock interaction processes. Isotope composition of O and H ranges from 12.7 to +2.7 ‰ SMOW and from 91 to +12 ‰ SMOW respectively and is generally comprised between the Global Meteoric Water Line and the East Mediterranean Meteoric Water Line. Only few water samples show a positive shift for δ18O possibly related to high temperature waterrock interaction processes. Carbon dioxide (18 997000 μmol/mol) or N2 (1100 989000 μmol/mol) or CH4 (&ltMany geothermal areas of Greece are located in regions affected by Miocene or Quaternary volcanism and in continental basins characterised by elevated heat flow. Moreover the majority of them is found along the coast as well as in islands of the Aegean Sea and thus thermal water is often brackish to saline due to marine intrusion into costal aquifer. In the present study almost 300 thermal and cold mineral water samples were collected along the Hellenic territory with their physicochemical parameters (temperature pH electrical conductivity and Eh) and the amount of bicarbonates (titration with 0.1N HCl) being determined in situ. Additionally gases found either in free or dissolved phase were sampled. Both water and gas samples were analysed at the INGVPa laboratories for major ions (Ion Chromatography) silica (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry) chemical composition of free and dissolved gases (Gas Chromatography) water isotopes (O and H) and carbon and helium isotopes of free and dissolved gases (Mass Spectrometry). The temperature of the investigated waters ranges from 6.5 to 98°C pH from 1.96 to 11.98 whilst Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) from 0.06 to 43 g/L. Based on the temperature parameter waters can be divided into four groups: i) cold (&lt0.5 913000 μmol/mol) are the prevailing gas species found in the studied sites. The δ13CCO2 values ranged from 20.1 to +8.5 ‰ whilst the isotope ratio of He from 0.21 to 6.71 R/RA.4) suggesting interaction with H2Srich gases or very high pH values (&gtSettore GEO/08 - Geochimica E Vulcanologia
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Pb-PbOHCl Composite Nanowires Synthesized by Galvanic Deposition in Template

2019

In this paper, we report a detailed study on the synthesis of composite nanowires of Pb-PbOHCl via galvanic deposition into the pores of a membrane acting as a template. PbOHCl deposition quantitatively occurs as the solution pH exceeds the value of about 4.12. Simultaneously, owing to the galvanic coupling, electro-deposition of lead occurs, so composite nanowires were formed. The role of different parameters controlling the kinetic evolution of the process, such as oxygen bubbling, solution pH, surface area and type of sacrificial anode were investigated one at a time. The results suggest that every modification accelerating the alkalization of the solution inside the template pores favor…

nanowires galvanic deposition PbOHCl template synthesisMaterials scienceGalvanic anodeComposite numberBiomedical EngineeringNanowirechemistry.chemical_elementBioengineeringGeneral ChemistryCondensed Matter PhysicsOxygenSettore ING-IND/23 - Chimica Fisica ApplicataMembraneChemical engineeringchemistryGalvanic depositionDeposition (phase transition)General Materials ScienceDissolutionJournal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
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A Monte Carlo study on the possible lay-out influence in the HCLL-TBM nuclear response

2008

HCLL-TBM NeutronicsSettore ING-IND/19 - Impianti Nucleari
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