Search results for "Heat"

Transport coefficients of n-butane into and through the surface of silicalite-1 from non-equilibrium molecular dynamics study

2009

We have studied coupled heat and mass transfer of n-butane through a membrane of silicalite-1. A description of the surface was given using non-equilibrium thermodynamics, and transport coefficients were determined. Three independent coefficients were found for the whole surface: the resistance to heat transfer, the coupling coefficient and the resistance to mass transfer. These coefficients were defined in stationary state. All resistances are significant, and show that the surface acts as a barrier to transport. A new scheme was devised to find the enthalpy of adsorption, from two particular coupling coefficients, namely the measurable heats of transfer. The method yields the enthalpy of …

Numerical study of the ZnO growth by MOCVD

2004

Abstract In order to analyze the growth of zinc oxide by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, a numerical model has been developed to simulate the gas flow in a horizontal reactor. A two-inlet system, one for the Zn precursor and the other for the oxygen one, has been studied in the framework of this numerical simulation. This model takes into account the momentum conservation equation coupled with the heat transfer and mass transport of chemical species. Different Zn precursors, DiethylZinc (DEZn), DimethylZinc (DMZn) and DimethylZinc-TriethylAmine (DMZn-TEA) and oxygen precursors, ( tert -butanol, iso -propanol and acetone) as well as carrier gases (H 2 and N 2 ) have been considered. …

Transfer coefficients for the liquid–vapor interface of a two-component mixture

2011

Abstract We present the excess entropy production for heat and mass transport across an interface of a non-ideal two-component mixture, using as interface variables the excess densities proposed by Gibbs. With the help of these variables we define the interface as an autonomous system in local equilibrium and study its transport properties. The entropy production determines the conjugate fluxes and forces, and equivalent forms are given. The forms contain finite differences of intensive variables into and across the surface as driving forces. These expressions for the fluxes serve as boundary conditions for integration across heterogeneous systems that are far from global equilibrium. The r…

Streulichtuntersuchungen an exotherm-pseudoidealen Lösungen in Abhängigkeit von Druck und Temperatur

1971

Fraktionierte Proben von Polyisobutylen (PIB) (Mw = 73 500 und 690 000) wurden in n-Pentan (70–85°C) und in i-Octan (15–45°C) bei Drucken bis zu 1000 atm untersucht. An beiden Systemen beobachtet man eine ausgepragte Zunahme des zweiten osmotischen Virialkoeffizienten A2 mit steigendem Druck und eine wesentlich schwachere Abnahme mit steigender Temperatur. Eine genauere Analyse ergibt folgendes Bild: Der bei verschiedenen konstanten Drucken aus der Temperaturabhangigkeit von A2 ermittelte A2,H-Wert nimmt mit steigender Temperatur zu und mit steigendem Druck ab; dieser Befund steht im Einklang mit den Ergebnissen der fruheren Untersuchungen [1 – 3]. Im vorliegenden Fall bedeutet er, das die …

Modellrechnungen zur Lösungsmittel- und Polymerenabhängigkeit der thermodynamischen Eigenschaften von Polymerlösungen

1974

Umfangreiche Messungen an Polymerlosungen haben gezeigt, das eine deutliche Korrelation zwischen chemischem Potential, Entropie und Enthalpie besteht. Es wurden verschiedene Modelle (quasi-chemische Naherung, Theorie der 1-2 Kopplung, Theorem der ubereinstimmenden Zustande u. a.) durchgerechnet und mit den experimentellen Werten verglichen. Hierbei ergab sich, das das Theorem der ubereinstimmenden Zustande den breitesten Anwendungsbereich hat, wohingegen die anderen Theorien fur spezielle Probleme brauchbare Resultate liefern. A great number of measurements on polymer solutions showed that there exists a distinct correlation between chemical potential, entropy and heat of dilution. Calculat…

Heat shock proteins in embryonic and adult submandibular salivary glands in healthy and tumorigenic tissues

2020

Ionic conductivity in monophasic Ag2xNa2(1 − x)ZnSiO4 materials with 0 ≤ x ≤ 1

1996

Abstract Solid solution samples Ag 2 x Na 2(1 − x ) ZnSiO 4 with 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 have been prepared by heat treating powder mixtures of Na 2 ZnSiO 4 and Ag 2 ZnSiO 4 at 300 °C and characterised by X-ray powder diffraction. The ionic conductivity of the solid solution has been determined as a function of composition and temperature by means of impedance measurements. The ionic conductivity of the mixed-mobile ion compositions (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) shows no substantial deviation from the mutually similar conductivities of the end compositions Na 2 ZnSiO 4 and Ag 2 ZnSiO 4 , and neither activation energy nor conductivity pre-factor varies significantly with composition. The results indicate that the mixed-alk…

Heat-capacity and neutron-diffraction studies of HD monolayers physisorbed on graphite

1992

Abstract The phase diagram of HD monolayers physisorbed on graphite is studied in detail by using heat-capacity and neutron-diffraction measurements. The following features are observed: At low coverages the system forms a commensurate (C) (√3 × √3)R30° phase and at coverages near monolayer completion an incommensurate (IC) two-dimensional solid phase. The order-disorder transition of the C phase belongs to the three-state Potts universality class. The C-IC transition occurs via two intermediate phases, i.e., the α phase and a novel phase, which is interpreted as an α-IC coexistence region. Though the molecule HD is a strongly incoherent neutron scatterer, for the first time elastic neutron…

Preliminary evaluation of durum wheat (Triticum Turgidum Subsp Durum) during malting process:

2018

Durum (T. turgidum subsp. durum) wheat production worldwide is substantially less than that of common wheat (Triticum aestivum) mainly due to the relatively limited end-users. In order to evaluate malting and brewing suitability, sixteen old durum wheat landraces were malted at micro scale. Results show malt quality parameters in the range 78.2–85.9% for the extract, 72.9–80.9% for the fermentability, 3–5 EBC units for the colour, 0.49–0.79% dm for water-extractable arabinoxylans and 0.043–0.059% dm for the β-glucans. Regarding wort viscosity (1.53–1.92 mPa s), we found negative correlation with endo-1,4-β-D-xylanase, positive correlation with endo-β-glucanases and soluble proteins, while n…

Influence of Micromixing on Microorganisms and Products

2001

The influence of mixing intensity as well as physical and chemical parameters on the cells of different microorganisms and the biosynthesis process is examined in this paper. Some reactions of cells effecting mixing intensity are described, such as retarded biomass growth, changes in aggregation and mutual arrangement of cells, morphological changes of cells and decreasing of biological activity, caused by an increased intensity of turbulence (turbohypobiosis). Several methods for investigating the local energy in reactors are compared. It is concluded that conventional methods of hydrodynamic analysis do not always allow valid results for the optimization of the mixing regime to be obtaine…