Search results for "Hemoperfusion"
showing 10 items of 11 documents
Probable progress in the therapy of organophosphate poisoning
1976
Whether or not extracorporeal hemodialysis or hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal might be used in eliminating organophosphates following poisoning with nitrostigmine, demeton-S-methyl sulfoxide, or dimethoate was here examined. Nitrostigmine could not be hemodialysed. The other two organophosphates, on the other hand could be well eliminated from the blood by hemodialysis. The clearance rates for demeton-S-methyl sulfoxide and dimethoate were 52.98 ml/min and 59.07 ml/min respectively, at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The clearance values for hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal were higher under the same trial conditions, the values being 83.70 ml/min for demeton-S-met…
Efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication
1976
Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents. Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1-2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be e…
Massive triiodothyronine intoxication: Efficacy of hemoperfusion?
2002
A case of massive accidental triiodothyronine intoxication (1000-fold the usual therapeutic dose, for 8 days) is reported with important disturbances of cardiovascular and central nervous systems that required intensive care support. Serum free triiodothyronine levels were 4789 pmol L-1 on admittance (normal values, 3.5-6.5 pmol L-1). In the absence of a specific treatment, hemoperfusions were performed but failed to accelerate significantly the decay of blood levels of free triiodothyronine (apparent half-life 25.9 hours; 95% confidence interval: 19.8-37.4 hours). The patient, a young woman, made a satisfactory recovery, in spite of important clinical complications.
Digoxin and digitoxin elimination in man by charcoal hemoperfusion
1978
Since there is no widely used causal means of reducing the severity of massive digitalis intoxication the capability of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal to remove toxicologically relevant amounts of digoxin and digitoxin was evaluated in vitro and in man. At a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min the digoxin clearance by hemoperfusion in vitro was 51±8 ml/min in comparison to 24.3±11.3 ml/min by hemodialysis. The average hemoperfusion clearance of digitoxin was 31.7±13.4 ml/min, whereas almost no digitoxin was removed by hemodialysis. These clearance values point to the ability of hemoperfusion of eliminating digitalis glycosides from the blood. They do not clarify the essential questi…
CAPD + hemoperfusion once a week in the management of children with end-stage renal disease
1983
With hemoperfusion there is a sharp decline in the solute concentration of the blood compartment, but immediately after HP the concentration of these substances rises to the original level (post-Hp rebound). It may be inferred that the result would be better and the rebound phenomenon less marked if hemoperfusion could be combined with a continuous dialysis system such as CAPD. The study was performed in 3 children of our CAPD programm. All patients were dialysed with 5 daily exchange each of one liter. The patients underwent at 2-hours hemoperfusion with a charcoal column (Gambro Adsorba 150 c) once a week. The data obtained with this form of treatment are indicative for a: significant in…
Dextran-sulfate-adsorption of atherosclerotic lipoproteins from whole blood or separated plasma for lipid-apheresis--comparison of performance charac…
2007
For many years dextran sulfate adsorption (DSA) treatment of separated plasma has been an established technology for low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-elimination. Recently a system for the treatment of whole blood based on DSA was introduced into clinical practice. To further characterize DSA treatment of whole blood, the performance characteristics of both DSA modalities were compared at two investigational sites with two alternative LDL apheresis systems being already in routine clinical use. In prospective cross-over design, DSA whole blood treatment was compared with a whole blood polyacrylate LDL adsorption system (DALI) in one study group. DSA for plasma treatment was compared with Lipid…
An economical hemoperfusion system to determine in vitro clearances of various poisons with different adsorbents.
1980
An economical hemoperfusion system for clearance studies in vitro was developped. It was ascertained, that hemoperfusion using columns which contain 13 g of adsorbent and perfused at a blood flow rate of 1.25 ml/min results in the same relative clearances as when using clinical sized columns containing 300–355 g of the absorbent and run at 100 ml/min. The adsorption kinetics of toxicologically important drugs and pesticides are given as examples. To date 27 substances were tested systematically. The investigation has shown, that no adsorbent is without exception the best one, but the efficacy can vary from substance to substance.
Elimination of Parathion by Hemoperfusion in Severe E 605 ForteR Intoxication in Vivo
1978
Severe parathion (P) intoxication results in complete inhibition of cholinesterase activity and toxic accumulation of acetylcholine. Besides these well known biochemical changes, there is evidence of direct toxic effects on the cardio-vascular system which may prove fatal due to an excess of P.
Successful treatment of paraquat poisoning: activated charcoal per os and "continuous hemoperfusion".
1982
AbstractIngestion of paraquat results in an extremely dangerous poisoning. The first aim is to clear the gastrointestinal tract by inducing emesis and performing gastric/gut lavage; as much activated charcoal as possible should be administered per os and as quickly as possible. The best measure to eliminate paraquat from blood and tissue is hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal; it has to be performed in the sense of “continuous hemoperfusion” about 8 h/d over a period of 2–3 weeks. These measures give a chance to lower the lethality of paraquat poisoning.
Haemoperfusion: a useful therapy for a severely poisoned patient?
1986
Although it is many years since a haemodialysis and haemoperfusion over uncoated and later coated charcoal columns have been used for the treatment of intoxicated patients, the clinical efficacy of these extracorporeal techniques in the treatment of severely poisoned patients remains a matter of debate. Some of the reasons for this controversy may be the indiscriminate use of haemoperfusion in any form of intoxication, the lack of well-controlled studies and the wrong interpretation of the high haemoperfusion clearance values sometimes obtained. Simple pharmacokinetic principles are applied to this type of treatment and some practical guidelines as to how and when haemoperfusion should be …