Search results for "Homeostasis"
showing 10 items of 630 documents
Changes in the integrins expression are related with the osteoarthritis severity in an experimental animal model in rats
2014
We identify changes in the expression and localization of α5, α4, and α2 integrins during osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis in a rat experimental model. The changes were concomitant with variations in the extracellular matrix (ECM) content and the increase of metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity during OA pathogenesis, which were analyzed by immunofluorescence and Western blot assays. Our results showed an increased expression of α5 and α2 integrins at OA late stages, which was co-related with changes in the ECM content, as a consequence of the MMPs activity. In addition, this is the first report that has shown the presence of α4 integrin since OA early stages, which was co-related with the lo…
Altered elemental profile as indicator of homeostatic imbalance in pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis
2002
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a potential precancerous condition of the oral cavity and oropharynx. The etiopathogenesis of this complex precancerous condition is still obscure. In addition to deleterious oral habits, malnutrition, and possible genetic predisposition, altered bioelemental status is also likely to play an important role in its pathogenesis. The present study analyzed 68 elements by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy in oral mucosa of normal and OSF individuals and some interesting alterations in elemental profile in the diseased tissue have been noted, indicating a homeostatic imbalance. These bioelemental alterations leading to homeostatic imbalance might be co…
Metabolomics provides new information on the changes occurring in thyroid tumours
2013
Metabolomics is a part of systems biology dealing with the determination of qualitative and quantitative profile of low molecular weight compounds (metabolites) present in body fluids and tissues of living organisms. Metabolic composition is strongly dependent on the state of homeostasis and any deregulation should affect it. For this reason, there is now increased interest in metabolomics as a potential tool to support cancer research. At the same time the analysis of metabolic pathways involved in the process of carcinogenesis provides the possibility of a more complete understanding of the mechanisms that are critical for tumour biology. In this study, 1H NMR measurements were performed …
Stem Cell Populations and Regenerative Potential in Chronic Inflammatory Lung Diseases
2009
Several acute and chronic inflammatory pathologies of the lung are accompanied by structural modifications of airway mucosa that vary depending on the severity, duration and type of the disease. These morphological changes, that determine organ dysfunction, are not always reversible. Indeed, the cycle of injury and repair, influencing airway wall re- generation, may sometimes break off and an exacerbation of the pathology may occur. The mechanisms at the base of airway remodelling during inflammation have been widely studied and numerous evidences indicate that the molecular dialogue among the cells of the mucosa has an essential role in orchestrating cell differentiation and tissue repair.…
The bone marrow stroma in hematological neoplasms—a guilty bystander
2011
In the setting of hematological neoplasms, changes in the bone marrow (BM) stroma might arise from pressure exerted by the neoplastic clone in shaping a supportive microenvironment, or from chronic perturbation of the BM homeostasis. Under such conditions, alterations in the composition of the BM stroma can be profound, and could emerge as relevant prognostic factors. In this Review, we delineate the multifaceted contribution of the BM stroma to the pathobiology of several hematological neoplasms, and discuss the impact of stromal modifications on the natural course of these diseases. Specifically, we highlight the involvement of BM stromal components in lymphoid and myeloid malignancies, a…
Effect of Torasemide — A New Cl--Transport Inhibitor on Glial Swelling by Lactacidosis and Glutamate
1993
Cytotoxic brain edema, i.e. swelling of glial- and nerve cells is a common result of cerebral ischemia, brain trauma, metabolic disorders, and develops secondarily in vasogenic edema. During ischemia and severe head injury, brain tissue homeostasis is severely changed, and many parameters are simultaneously affected. To dissect and isolate the causal mechanisms leading to swelling of nerve- and glial cells, our laboratory has established an in vitro model [4, 5]. Thereby pathomechanisms can be studied in isolation without interference of epiphenomena taking place in damaged brain tissue under circumstances of cerebral ischemia or trauma. In previous studies the role of acidosis in cell swel…
Animal Models of Cardiovascular Disease
2009
The use of animal models to study cardiovascular disease has made a substantial contribution to increasing our understanding of disease pathogenesis, has led to the development of diagnostic techniques, and has made it possible to verify the effectiveness of different preventative and therapeutic approaches, whether pharmacological or interventional. The main limitations stem from differences between human and experimentally induced pathology, in terms of both genetic regulatory mechanisms and factors that influence cardiovascular function. The experimental models and preparations used in cardiovascular research include those based on isolated cells or tissues or structures immersed in orga…
Anxiety and depression levels in prepubertal obese children: a case-control study
2014
Introduction Childhood obesity has become worldwide epidemic both in Western and in developing Countries and has been accompanied by many serious and severe comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea syndrome, depression, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose homeostasis, steatohepatitis, and intracranial hypertension, as well as medical concerns unique to youth such as accelerated pubertal and skeletal development and orthopedic disorders. To date no specific studies about the psychological assessment in pediatric obesity are present. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the putative relationship between psychological troubles and obesity in a sample of school-aged chil…
The nitric oxide related therapeutic phenomenon: a challenging task.
2002
Nitric oxide (NO), produced from L-arginine by the activity of constitutive and inducible NO synthases, has been implicated in a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Low concentrations of this mediator play homeostatic roles, whereas NO is up-regulated in a number of pathological states and can have damaging effects. Pharmacological modulation of NO levels or NO biosynthesis may be a therapeutic strategy for a number of conditions, although the reported results can be some times controversial. Inhibitors of NO synthases exhibit different selectivity for the neuronal, endothelial or inducible isoforms, which contributes to their beneficial and detrimental effects. Re…
<p>Circulating Irisin Levels as a Marker of Osteosarcopenic-Obesity in Cushing’s Disease</p>
2020
Purpose To evaluate circulating irisin levels in patients with active and controlled Cushing's disease (CD). Design Forty-four patients with CD evaluated during the active phase and after 12 months of biochemical remission and 40 controls were recruited. Methods Phenotypic, anthropometric, hormonal and metabolic parameters, including insulin sensitivity estimation by homeostatic model of insulin resistance, Matsuda index and oral disposition index and circulating irisin levels were evaluated. Results Patients with active CD showed lower irisin levels compared to controls (p<0.001) and controlled CD (p<0.001). The independent variables significantly associated with irisin were waist circumf…