Search results for "Hybridisation"

Genetic integrity of European wildcats: Variation across biomes mandates geographically tailored conservation strategies

2022

Hybridisation between domestic and wild taxa can pose severe threats to wildlife conservation, and human-induced hybridisation, often linked to species' introductions and habitat degradation, may promote reproductive opportunities between species for which natural interbreeding would be highly unlikely. Using a biome-specific approach, we examine the effects of a suite of ecological drivers on the European wildcat's genetic integrity, while assessing the role played by protected areas in this process. We used genotype data from 1217 putative European wildcat samples from 13 European countries to assess the effects of landcover, disturbance and legal landscape protection on the European wild…

Exploring Evolution in Ceboidea (Platyrrhini, Primates) by Williams-Beuren Probe (HSA 7q11.23) Chromosome Mapping

2007

The ancestral platyrrhine karyotype was characterised by a syntenic association of human 5 and a small segment of human 7 orthologues. This large syntenic association has undergone numerous rearrangements in various phylogenetic lines. We used a locus-specific molecular cytogenetic approach to study the chromosomal evolution of the human 7q11.23 orthologous sequences (William-Beuren syndrome, WS) in various Ceboidea (Platyrrhini) species. The fluorescent in situ hybridisation of the WS probe revealed a two-way pattern of chromosomal organisation that suggests various evolutionary scenarios. The first pattern (seen in Callimico and Saimiri ) includes a fairly simple disruption of the 7/5 syn…

Dissimilar molecular and morphological patterns in an introgressed peripheral population of a sand dune species ( Armeria pungens , Plumbaginaceae)

2019

Introgression is a poorly understood evolutionary outcome of hybridisation because it may remain largely undetected whenever it involves the transfer of small parts of the genome from one species to another. Aiming to understand the early stages of this process, a putative case from the southernmost border of the Armeria pungens range from its congener A. macrophylla is revisited following the discovery of a subpopulation that does not show phenotypic signs of introgression and resembles typical A. pungens. We analysed morphometrics, nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS and plastid DNA (trnL‐trnF) sequences, genome size, 45S and 5S rDNA loci‐FISH data and nrDNA IGS sequences. Within the study site, mo…

Sexual selection drives asymmetric introgression in wall lizards.

2015

Hybridisation is increasingly recognised as an important cause of diversification and adaptation. Here, we show how divergence in male secondary sexual characters between two lineages of the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis) gives rise to strong asymmetries in male competitive ability and mating success, resulting in asymmetric hybridisation upon secondary contact. Combined with no negative effects of hybridisation on survival or reproductive characters in F1-hybrids, these results suggest that introgression should be asymmetric, resulting in the displacement of sexual characters of the sub-dominant lineage. This prediction was confirmed in two types of secondary contact, across a natur…

Increased neuropeptide Y mRNA expression in striatum in Parkinson's disease.

2003

High levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY) are found in basal ganglia where it is co-localised with somatostatin (SOM) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH/d) in a population of striatal GABA containing interneurones. Although alterations occur in the levels of various neuropeptides in basal ganglia in Parkinson’s disease (PD), it is not known whether NPY is affected. Using in situ hybridisation immunohistochemistry, we have examined the distribution of NPY mRNA in the caudate nucleus, putamen and nucleus accumbens of normal individuals and patients with PD. NPY mRNA was weakly expressed in the caudate nucleus, putamen and nucleus accumbens in normal individuals with a…

First-principles calculations of point defects in inorganic nanotubes

2013

The first-principles calculations have been performed to investigate the ground-state properties of monoperiodic boron nitride (BN), TiO2, and SrTiO3 single-walled nanotubes (SW NTs) containing extrinsic point defects. The hybrid exchange–correlation functionals PBE, B3LYP, and B3PW within the framework of density functional theory (DFT) have been applied for large-scale ab initio calculations on NTs with the following substitutional impurities: AlB, PN, GaB, AsN, InB, and SbN in the BN NT, as well as CO, NO, SO, and FeTi in the TiO2 and SrTiO3 NTs, respectively. The variations in formation energies obtained for equilibrium defective nanostructures allow us to predict the most stable compos…

Study of the Evolution of locus HSA7q11.23 by mapping the William-Beuren probe on Platyrrine (Primates)

2008

Interspecific hybridisation among diverse Saccharomyces species: A combined biotechnological solution for low-temperature and nitrogen-limited wine f…

2019

Lack of the prezygotic barrier in the Saccharomyces genus facilitates the construction of artificial interspecific hybrids among different Saccharomyces species. Hybrids that maintain the interesting features of parental strains have been applied in industry for many beneficial purposes. Two of the most important problems faced by wine makers is nitrogen deficiency in grape must and low-temperature fermentation. In our study, hybrids were constructed by using selected low nitrogen-demanding cryotolerant S. eubayanus, S. uvarum strains and S. cerevisiae. The fermentation capacity of the hybrid strains was tested under four conditions by combining two temperatures, 12 °C and 28 °C, and two ni…

Le arti performative nel mondo di Internet e dell’Interaction Design: l’avventura tecno-artistica di Kònic Thtr di Barcellona

2017

Che cos’è internet? Cosa rappresenta e come cambia quando s’intreccia alle arti performative, da sempre legate a uno spazio di condivisione fisico e reale? Come si libera dal suo livello strettamente tecnologico - permettere la comunicazione tra individui a distanza - per divenire tecnica mediata, medium, linguaggio metaforico? Attraverso l’analisi di alcune performance del gruppo di Barcellona Kònic Thtr si cercherà di tracciare quale sia oggi la relazione e in particolare il grado d’ibridazione tra internet e le arti performative. What is the internet? What does it represent and how does it change when it intertwines with the performing arts, which have always been linked to a physical an…

Affective Estrangement and Ecological Destruction in TV Crime Series Fortitude

2020

Koistinen and Mäntymäki examine how graphic violence evokes affect in the context of ecological destruction in the UK-produced TV crime fiction series Fortitude (2015–17). They argue that the series mobilises generic exchange by incorporating speculative elements into a traditional crime narrative structure, thereby creating space for affective estrangement. They show how the amalgamation of violence, ecological destruction and affect serves as an entrance into socioecological critique with a strong cautionary element through the negotiation between the human and nonhuman and the ethics of violence. Theoretically, the chapter relies on Sara Ahmed’s view of affect as social processes produce…