Search results for "Hybridisation"
showing 10 items of 16 documents
Sexual selection drives asymmetric introgression in wall lizards.
2015
Hybridisation is increasingly recognised as an important cause of diversification and adaptation. Here, we show how divergence in male secondary sexual characters between two lineages of the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis) gives rise to strong asymmetries in male competitive ability and mating success, resulting in asymmetric hybridisation upon secondary contact. Combined with no negative effects of hybridisation on survival or reproductive characters in F1-hybrids, these results suggest that introgression should be asymmetric, resulting in the displacement of sexual characters of the sub-dominant lineage. This prediction was confirmed in two types of secondary contact, across a natur…
First-principles calculations of point defects in inorganic nanotubes
2013
The first-principles calculations have been performed to investigate the ground-state properties of monoperiodic boron nitride (BN), TiO2, and SrTiO3 single-walled nanotubes (SW NTs) containing extrinsic point defects. The hybrid exchange–correlation functionals PBE, B3LYP, and B3PW within the framework of density functional theory (DFT) have been applied for large-scale ab initio calculations on NTs with the following substitutional impurities: AlB, PN, GaB, AsN, InB, and SbN in the BN NT, as well as CO, NO, SO, and FeTi in the TiO2 and SrTiO3 NTs, respectively. The variations in formation energies obtained for equilibrium defective nanostructures allow us to predict the most stable compos…
From Mobile Crimes to Crimes of Mobility
2020
Piipponen, Mäntymäki and Rodi-Risberg suggest that many contemporary crime narratives across the globe host a heightened interest in diverse and ambiguous mobilities, border crossings and borderlands. They propose that such mobilities and crossings reflect on recent sociocultural developments on local and global levels and communicate specific geopolitical anxieties. They position their own mobilities research perspective within existing crime fiction scholarship, especially within the so-called transnational and spatial turns. Introducing some key observations of mobilities research, they suggest that mobility can be considered both as an object of study in its own right and a critical len…
Exploring Evolution in Ceboidea (Platyrrhini, Primates) by Williams-Beuren Probe (HSA 7q11.23) Chromosome Mapping
2007
The ancestral platyrrhine karyotype was characterised by a syntenic association of human 5 and a small segment of human 7 orthologues. This large syntenic association has undergone numerous rearrangements in various phylogenetic lines. We used a locus-specific molecular cytogenetic approach to study the chromosomal evolution of the human 7q11.23 orthologous sequences (William-Beuren syndrome, WS) in various Ceboidea (Platyrrhini) species. The fluorescent in situ hybridisation of the WS probe revealed a two-way pattern of chromosomal organisation that suggests various evolutionary scenarios. The first pattern (seen in Callimico and Saimiri ) includes a fairly simple disruption of the 7/5 syn…
Increased neuropeptide Y mRNA expression in striatum in Parkinson's disease.
2003
High levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY) are found in basal ganglia where it is co-localised with somatostatin (SOM) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH/d) in a population of striatal GABA containing interneurones. Although alterations occur in the levels of various neuropeptides in basal ganglia in Parkinson’s disease (PD), it is not known whether NPY is affected. Using in situ hybridisation immunohistochemistry, we have examined the distribution of NPY mRNA in the caudate nucleus, putamen and nucleus accumbens of normal individuals and patients with PD. NPY mRNA was weakly expressed in the caudate nucleus, putamen and nucleus accumbens in normal individuals with a…
Interspecific hybridisation among diverse Saccharomyces species: A combined biotechnological solution for low-temperature and nitrogen-limited wine f…
2019
Lack of the prezygotic barrier in the Saccharomyces genus facilitates the construction of artificial interspecific hybrids among different Saccharomyces species. Hybrids that maintain the interesting features of parental strains have been applied in industry for many beneficial purposes. Two of the most important problems faced by wine makers is nitrogen deficiency in grape must and low-temperature fermentation. In our study, hybrids were constructed by using selected low nitrogen-demanding cryotolerant S. eubayanus, S. uvarum strains and S. cerevisiae. The fermentation capacity of the hybrid strains was tested under four conditions by combining two temperatures, 12 °C and 28 °C, and two ni…
Identification of mycorrhiza-regulated genes with arbuscule development-related expression profile
2004
Suppressive subtractive hybridisation was applied to the analysis of late stage arbuscular mycorrhizal development in pea. 96 cDNA clones were amplified and 81, which carried fragments more than 200 nt in size, were sequence analysed. Among 67 unique fragments, 10 showed no homology and 10 were similar to sequences with unknown function. RNA accumulation of the corresponding 67 genes was analysed by hybridisation of macro-arrays. The cDNAs used as probes were derived from roots of wild type and late mutant pea genotypes, inoculated or not with the AM fungus Glomus mosseae. After calibration, a more than 2.5-fold mycorrhiza-induced RNA accumulation was detected in two independent experiments…
The monophyly and evolution of Cynara L. (Asteraceae) sensu lato: evidence from the Internal Transcribed Spacer region of nrDNA
2005
The monophyly and evolution of Cynara was investigated using ITS sequence data. Parsimony analysis supports the monophyly of Cynara sensu lato, i.e. including the distinctive taxa C. humilis and C. tournefortii. This contradicts the recent decision to create a new monotypic genus Arcyna for C. tournefortii. A hypothesised close relationship between C. tournefortii and Silybum Adans. is also refuted. Four of the five species of Cynara, for which multiple accessions were sequenced, were shown to be monophyletic but C. baetica was found to be non-monophyletic. Free energy estimates for ITS1 secondary structure and conservation of the 5.8S region suggest that this is not due to the occurrence o…
Affective Estrangement and Ecological Destruction in TV Crime Series Fortitude
2020
Koistinen and Mäntymäki examine how graphic violence evokes affect in the context of ecological destruction in the UK-produced TV crime fiction series Fortitude (2015–17). They argue that the series mobilises generic exchange by incorporating speculative elements into a traditional crime narrative structure, thereby creating space for affective estrangement. They show how the amalgamation of violence, ecological destruction and affect serves as an entrance into socioecological critique with a strong cautionary element through the negotiation between the human and nonhuman and the ethics of violence. Theoretically, the chapter relies on Sara Ahmed’s view of affect as social processes produce…
Genetic integrity of European wildcats: Variation across biomes mandates geographically tailored conservation strategies
2022
Hybridisation between domestic and wild taxa can pose severe threats to wildlife conservation, and human-induced hybridisation, often linked to species' introductions and habitat degradation, may promote reproductive opportunities between species for which natural interbreeding would be highly unlikely. Using a biome-specific approach, we examine the effects of a suite of ecological drivers on the European wildcat's genetic integrity, while assessing the role played by protected areas in this process. We used genotype data from 1217 putative European wildcat samples from 13 European countries to assess the effects of landcover, disturbance and legal landscape protection on the European wild…