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showing 10 items of 184 documents

Transmission of HIV Drug Resistance and the Predicted Effect on Current First-line Regimens in Europe

2016

Transmitted human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance in Europe is stable at around 8%. The impact of baseline mutation patterns on susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs should be addressed using clinical guidelines. The impact on baseline susceptibility is largest for nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

MaleHuman immunodeficiency virus 1EtravirineRNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitordarunavirHIV InfectionsSettore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E Applicata:Disciplines and Occupations::Health Occupations::Medicine::Public Health [Medical Subject Headings]:Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings]Salud públicageneticsInhibidores de proteasas:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Vital Statistics::Morbidity::Prevalence [Medical Subject Headings]atazanavirmedia_commontransmission:Geographicals::Geographic Locations::Europe [Medical Subject Headings]3. Good healthmicrobial sensitivity testpriority journalEurope ; HIV-1 ; antiretroviral therapy ; drug resistance ; transmissionHIV/AIDSlamivudineReverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/pharmacologyanti human immunodeficiency virus agentDrugMicrobiology (medical)medicine.medical_specialtyantiviral susceptibility:Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Variation::Mutation [Medical Subject Headings]media_common.quotation_subjectantiretroviral therapy030106 microbiologyHIV Infections/drug therapy:Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Therapeutic Uses::Anti-Infective Agents::Antiviral Agents::Anti-Retroviral Agents::Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors [Medical Subject Headings]Microbial Sensitivity TestsRILPIVIRINEArticleEFAVIRENZ03 medical and health sciencestransmitted drug resistanceSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-beingHumansTransmissionhuman:Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Pharmacological Phenomena::Drug Resistance [Medical Subject Headings]REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORSRilpivirinaINTEGRASEMUTATIONSabacavirmajor clinical studyVirologyInfecciones por VIHRegimenAntiretroviral therapy; Drug resistance; Europe; HIV-1; Transmission; Medicine (all); Microbiology (medical); Infectious DiseaseschemistryDrug resistance:Chemicals and Drugs::Heterocyclic Compounds::Heterocyclic Compounds 1-Ring::Oxazines::Benzoxazines [Medical Subject Headings]MutationHIV-10301 basic medicinenevirapineDrug resistanceCommunicable diseases:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Confidence Intervals [Medical Subject Headings]chemistry.chemical_compoundantiviral therapyINFECTIONMedicine and Health SciencesPrevalence:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Surveys and Questionnaires [Medical Subject Headings]ViralNon-U.S. Gov'tReverse-transcriptase inhibitorantiretrovirus agentResearch Support Non-U.S. Gov'tMedicine (all)Human immunodeficiency virus infected patientMiddle AgedvirologyPREVALENCEAntiretroviral therapyEncuestas y CuestionariosANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENTEuropeInfectious DiseasesHIV-1/drug effectsHIV Protease Inhibitors/pharmacologyRilpivirineReverse Transcriptase Inhibitors:Diseases::Immune System Diseases::Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes::HIV Infections [Medical Subject Headings]FemaleHIV drug resistancemedicine.drugAdultHuman immunodeficiency virus proteinase inhibitor:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Nitriles::Rilpivirine [Medical Subject Headings]EfavirenzAnti-HIV AgentsResearch SupportResistencia a medicamentosSettore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVEantiviral resistanceInternal medicineAnti-HIV Agents/pharmacologyDrug Resistance ViralJournal Articlemedicine:Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action::Enzyme Inhibitors::Protease Inhibitors [Medical Subject Headings]abacavir plus lamivudineEuropa (Continente)Antiretroviral therapy; Drug resistance; Europe; HIV-1; Transmission; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Drug Resistance Viral; Europe; Female; HIV Infections; HIV Protease Inhibitors; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Mutation; Prevalence; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Microbiology (medical); Infectious DiseasesemtricitabinenonhumanIntervalos de confianzadrug resistanceMutaciónAntiretroviral therapy; Drug resistance; Europe; HIV-1; Transmissionbusiness.industryHIVpredictionInhibidores de la transcriptasa inversaHIV Protease InhibitorsHuman immunodeficiency virus 1 infectiontenofovirINDIVIDUALSDrug Resistance Viral/geneticsBenzoxazinasETRAVIRINEdrug effects3121 General medicine internal medicine and other clinical medicinePrevalenciabusiness
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Variable impact on mortality of AIDS-defining events diagnosed during combination antiretroviral therapy : not all AIDS-defining conditions are creat…

2009

Contains fulltext : 80963.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) BACKGROUND: The extent to which mortality differs following individual acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining events (ADEs) has not been assessed among patients initiating combination antiretroviral therapy. METHODS: We analyzed data from 31,620 patients with no prior ADEs who started combination antiretroviral therapy. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate mortality hazard ratios for each ADE that occurred in >50 patients, after stratification by cohort and adjustment for sex, HIV transmission group, number of antiretroviral drugs initiated, regimen, age, date of starting combination antiretrovir…

MaleInfectious diseases and international health [NCEBP 13]Lymphoma030312 virologyEsophageal candidiasisCohort Studies0302 clinical medicineInterquartile range030212 general & internal medicineAIDS-RelatedLymphoma AIDS-Related0303 health sciencesMortality rateProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathyHazard ratioPrognosis3. Good healthPathogenesis and modulation of inflammation [N4i 1]Infectious DiseasesCombinationDrug Therapy CombinationFemaleInfection and autoimmunity [NCMLS 1]HumanMicrobiology (medical)Adultmedicine.medical_specialtyPrognosiAnti-HIV Agentsantiretroviral therapyInfectious DiseaseArticleAIDS-Related Opportunistic Infection03 medical and health sciencesAcquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)Drug TherapyInternal medicinemedicineHumansAIDS-defining eventProportional Hazards ModelsAIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis/ mortality; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications/diagnosis/drug; therapy/ mortality; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents/ therapeutic use; Cohort Studies; Drug Therapy; Combination; Female; Humans; Lymphoma; AIDS-Related/diagnosis/mortality; Male; Prognosis; Proportional Hazards ModelsAcquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeAIDS-Related Opportunistic Infectionsbusiness.industryProportional hazards modelPoverty-related infectious diseases [N4i 3]Anti-HIV Agentmedicine.diseasemortalityConfidence intervalImmunologyProportional Hazards ModelCohort Studiebusiness
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Low Rate of Virological Failure and Maintenance of Susceptibility to HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with First-Line Lopinavir/Ritonavir-Based Antiretrovir…

2010

Protease inhibitor (PI)-resistant HIV-1 has hardly ever been detected at failed boosted PI-based first-line antiretroviral regimens in clinical trials. However, this phenomenon has not been investigated in clinical practice. To address this gap, data from patients starting a first-line lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/rtv)-based therapy with available baseline HIV-1 RNA load, a viral genotype and follow-up viral load after 3 and 6 months of treatment were extracted from the Italian Antiretroviral Resistance Cohort Analysis (ARCA) observational database. Based on survival analysis, 39 (7.1%) and 43 (7.8%) of the 548 examined patient cases had an HIV-1 RNA >500 and >50 copies/ml, respectively, after …

MaleLopinavir/ritonavirHIV Infectionsboosted protease inhibitorLopinavirCohort Studies0302 clinical medicineAntiretroviral Therapy Highly Activevirologic failureHIV InfectionTreatment Failure030212 general & internal medicinePyrimidinone0303 health scienceseducation.field_of_studylopinavir/ritonavirLopinavirViral LoadResistance mutationfirst-line antiretroviral therapyReverse Transcriptase Inhibitor3. Good healthTreatment OutcomeInfectious DiseasesRNA ViralReverse Transcriptase InhibitorsMedicineDrug Therapy CombinationFemaleSurvival AnalysiViral loadHumanmedicine.drugAnti-HIV AgentsPopulationPyrimidinones.Settore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVEEmtricitabinehuman immunodeficiency virus type 103 medical and health sciencesVirologyDrug Resistance Viralantiretroviral drug resistancemedicineHumansProtease inhibitor (pharmacology)educationHIV Protease InhibitorRitonavir030306 microbiologybusiness.industryAnti-HIV AgentHIV Protease InhibitorsSurvival AnalysisVirologyHIV-1RitonavirCohort Studiebusiness
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Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Nevirapine and Nortriptyline in Rats: Inhibition of Nevirapine Metabolism by Nortriptyline

2014

ABSTRACTOne of the most frequent comorbidities of HIV infection is depression, with a lifetime prevalence of 22 to 45%. Therefore, it was decided to study a potential pharmacokinetic interaction between the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor nevirapine (NVP) and the tricyclic antidepressant nortriptyline (NT). NVP and NT were administered to rats either orally, intraduodenally, or intravenously, and the changes in plasma levels and pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed. Experiments with rat and human hepatic microsomes were carried out to evaluate the inhibitory effects of NT on NVP metabolism. NVP plasma concentrations were significantly higher when this drug was coadminister…

MaleNevirapineAnti-HIV AgentsAdministration OralNortriptylineAntidepressive Agents TricyclicPharmacologyPharmacokineticsimmune system diseasesIn vivomedicineAnimalsHumansPharmacology (medical)NevirapineRats WistarBiotransformationPharmacologyDose-Response Relationship DrugReverse-transcriptase inhibitorbusiness.industryvirus diseasesRatsDose–response relationshipInfectious DiseasesArea Under CurveInjections IntravenousMicrosomes LiverMicrosomeReverse Transcriptase InhibitorsNortriptylinebusinessDrug AntagonismDrug metabolismmedicine.drugAntimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
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Epidemiological profile of 806 Italian children with hepatitis C virus infection over a 15-year period

2007

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The natural course of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in children is not well understood. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term course of CHC in a large sample of otherwise healthy children. METHODS: From 1990 to 2005, 504 consecutive antihepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive children were enrolled at 12 centers of a national observatory and were followed up retrospectively/prospectively. RESULTS: Putative exposure was perinatal in 283 (56.2%) cases, parenteral in 158 (31.3%), and unknown in 63 (12.5%). At baseline, 477 (94.6%) cases were HCV RNA seropositive, 118 (24.7%) of which were treated with standard interferon alpha. Ten years after putative exposure, the out…

MalePediatricsEpidemiologyInfectious Disease TransmissionCHILDRENHepacivirusmedicine.disease_causeGENOTYPES HCVRisk FactorsEpidemiologyPrevalenceVerticalChronicYoung adultChildHCV infection in childrenbiologyHepatitis C virus (HCV)Hepatitis CANTI-HCVHepatitis CItalyChild PreschoolHCVFemaleViral diseaseAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyEpidemiology of HCV infectionGenotypepediatricsHepatitis C virusSocio-culturaleEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayFlaviviridaeHCV vertical transmissionmedicineHumansBlood TransfusionSex DistributionPreschoolRetrospective StudiesEpidemiology of HCV infection; HCV infection in children; HCV vertical transmission; Hepatitis C virus (HCV); Adult; Blood Transfusion; Child; Child Preschool; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Genotype; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis C; Hepatitis C Antibodies; Hepatitis C Chronic; Humans; Infant; Infectious Disease Transmission Vertical; Italy; Male; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Sex Distribution; HepatologyHepatologybusiness.industryHIVInfantRetrospective cohort studyHepatitis C AntibodiesHepatitis C Chronicmedicine.diseasebiology.organism_classificationHEPATITIS HCVInfectious Disease Transmission VerticalEl NiñoImmunologybusiness
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Effectiveness of dolutegravir-based regimens as either first-line or switch antiretroviral therapy: data from the Icona cohort

2019

Introduction: Concerns about dolutegravir (DTG) tolerability in the real-life setting have recently arisen. We aimed to estimate the risk of treatment discontinuation and virological failure of DTG-based regimens from a large cohort of HIV-infected individuals. Methods: We performed a multicentre, observational study including all antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve and virologically suppressed treatment-experienced (TE) patients from the Icona (Italian Cohort Naïve Antiretrovirals) cohort who started, for the first time, a DTG-based regimen from January 2015 to December 2017. We estimated the cumulative risk of DTG discontinuation regardless of the reason and for toxicity, and of virologica…

Maleadverse eventadverse events; antiretroviral therapy; cohort study; discontinuation; dolutegravir; toxicity; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Cohort Studies; Dideoxynucleosides; Female; HIV Infections; Heterocyclic Compounds 3-Ring; Humans; Italy; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Tenofovir; Treatment Outcomeadverse events; antiretroviral therapy; cohort study; discontinuation; dolutegravir; toxicity;HIV InfectionsPiperazinesCohort Studies0302 clinical medicineHeterocyclic CompoundsAbacavirRetrospective StudieMedicineHIV InfectionProspective Studies030212 general & internal medicineProspective cohort studyResearch Articlesadverse events; antiretroviral therapy; cohort study; discontinuation; dolutegravir; toxicityHazard ratioMiddle AgedDideoxynucleosidedolutegravirTreatment OutcomeInfectious DiseasesTolerabilityItalyCohortFemalePublic Health0305 other medical scienceHeterocyclic Compounds 3-RingResearch Articlemedicine.drugHumanAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyAnti-HIV AgentsPyridonesantiretroviral therapySettore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVE3-RingLower riskNO03 medical and health sciencesInternal medicineOxazinescohort studyHumansTenofovirRetrospective Studies030505 public healthbusiness.industryEnvironmental and Occupational HealthPublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthAnti-HIV AgenttoxicityRetrospective cohort studyantiretroviral therapy; dolutegravir; cohort study; discontinuation; toxicity; adverse eventsDideoxynucleosidesadverse eventsDiscontinuationProspective Studieadverse events; antiretroviral therapy; cohort study; discontinuation; dolutegravir; toxicity; Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health; Infectious DiseasesCohort Studiebusinessdiscontinuation
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Prevalence of acquired resistance mutations in a large cohort of perinatally infected HIV-1 patients

2019

Maleantiretroviral treatmentInfectious Disease TransmissiongenotypeHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)Drug ResistanceHIV InfectionsDrug resistancemedicine.disease_causeRetrospective StudieGenotypepol Gene Products Human Immunodeficiency ViruPrevalenceMedicineVerticalHIV InfectionViralpol Gene ProductsYoung adultGeneral MedicineInfectious DiseasesItalyMutation (genetic algorithm)FemaleHuman Immunodeficiency VirusHumanMicrobiology (medical)AdultSettore MED/17 - Malattie InfettiveAdolescentAnti-HIV AgentsYoung AdultAcquired resistanceDrug Resistance ViralHumansvertical HIV transmissionAdolescent; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Drug Resistance Viral; Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Italy; Male; Mutation; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult; pol Gene Products Human Immunodeficiency Virus; Infectious Disease Transmission VerticalRetrospective StudiesHIV perinatally infectionbusiness.industryAnti-HIV AgentRetrospective cohort studyVirologyInfectious Disease Transmission VerticalLarge cohortpol Gene Products Human Immunodeficiency VirusDrug resistanceMutationHIV-1Drug resistance; HIV-1; antiretroviral treatment; genotype; vertical HIV transmissionbusiness
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Rules-based HIV-1 genotypic resistance interpretation systems predict 8 week and 24 week virological antiretroviral treatment outcome and benefit fro…

2009

Objectives: To test retrospectively the ability of four freely available rules-based expert systems to predict short- and medium-term virological outcome following an antiretroviral treatment switch in pre-treated HIV-1 patients. Methods: The HIV-1 genotype interpretation systems (GISs) HIVdb, ANRS, Rega and AntiRetroScan were tested for their accuracy in predicting response to highly active antiretroviral therapy using 8 week (n = 765) and 24 week (n = 634) follow-up standardized treatment change episodes extracted from the Italian Antiretroviral Resistance Cohort Analysis (ARCA) database. A genotypic sensitivity score (GSS) was derived for each genotype-treatment pair for the different GI…

Maleinterpretation systemHIV InfectionsDrug resistanceLogistic regressionRetrospective StudieHIV InfectionPharmacology (medical)Microbial Sensitivity TestMiddle AgedPrognosisgenotype drug resistance algorithmAlgorithmTreatment OutcomeInfectious DiseasesItalyRNA ViralFemaleCohort studyHumanMicrobiology (medical)Adultmedicine.medical_specialtyGenotypeLogistic ModelAnti-HIV AgentsPrognosiantiretroviralMicrobial Sensitivity TestsInternal medicinemedicinePotencyAnimalsHumansRetrospective StudiesPharmacologyReceiver operating characteristicbusiness.industryAnimalAnti-HIV AgentRetrospective cohort studyOdds ratiogenotype; interpretation system; antiretroviral; drug potency weightingWeightingLogistic ModelsROC CurveDrug resistanceImmunologyHIV-1businessdrug potency weighting
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Increase in transmitted resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors among newly diagnosed HIV-1 infections in Europe

2014

Background: One out of ten newly diagnosed patients in Europe was infected with a virus carrying a drug resistant mutation. We analysed the patterns over time for transmitted drug resistance mutations (TDRM) using data from the European Spread program.Methods: Clinical, epidemiological and virological data from 4317 patients newly diagnosed with HIV-1 infection between 2002 and 2007 were analysed. Patients were enrolled using a pre-defined sampling strategy.Results: The overall prevalence of TDRM in this period was 8.9% (95% CI: 8.1-9.8). Interestingly, significant changes over time in TDRM caused by the different drug classes were found. Whereas nucleoside resistance mutations remained con…

Malevirus strainResistanceHIV InfectionsDrug resistanceTHERAPYNucleoside Reverse Transcriptase InhibitorANTIRETROVIRAL DRUG-RESISTANCE0302 clinical medicineMedical microbiologyGenotypeMedicine and Health SciencesPrevalenceHIV Infection030212 general & internal medicineUNITED-KINGDOMPhylogeny0303 health sciencesCommunicable diseaseTransmission (medicine)adultvirus mutationUPDATED RECOMMENDATIONSvirus transmission3. Good healthEuropeInfectious Diseasesfemalerisk factorvirus resistanceFemaleNAIVE PATIENTSSOCIETY-USA PANELResearch ArticleHumanAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyGenotypeAnti-HIV AgentsVirusArticle03 medical and health sciencesSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-beingmaleMOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGYDrug Resistance Viralmedicineproteinase inhibitorHumansTransmissioncontrolled studyhumanmolecular phylogeny030304 developmental biologynonhumanMUTATIONSbusiness.industryAnti-HIV Agentnucleotide sequencenonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitorHuman immunodeficiency virus 1 infectionVirologymajor clinical studyunindexed sequenceParasitology3121 General medicine internal medicine and other clinical medicineMutationHIV-1business
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A Zone-Casting Technique for Device Fabrication of Field-Effect Transistors Based on Discotic Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene

2005

Materials scienceFabricationMechanics of MaterialsCasting (metalworking)business.industryMechanical EngineeringHexa-peri-hexabenzocoroneneOptoelectronicsGeneral Materials ScienceNanotechnologyField-effect transistorbusinessAdvanced Materials
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