Search results for "INFECTIONS"
showing 10 items of 2671 documents
Inflammation and Life-Span
2005
In their Review “Inflammatory exposure and historical changes in human life-spans” (17 Sept., p. [1736][1]), C. E. Finch and E. M. Crimmins reinforce earlier suggestions that many diseases and disabilities of older age have their roots in previous exposures to infectious agents and other sources
Protection of rabbits against rabbit viral haemorrhagic disease with a vaccinia-RHDV recombinant virus
1996
In order to protect domestic and wild rabbits against RVHD, we constructed a recombinant vaccinia-RHDV virus, using the Copenhagen strain of the vaccinia virus. This recombinant virus expressed the RHDV capsid protein (VP60). Analysis of the expressed product showed that the recombinant protein, which is 60 kDa in size, was antigenic as revealed by its reactions in immunoprecipitation and indirect immunofluorescence with the antibodies raised against RHDV. The recombinant virus induced high level of RHDV specific antibodies in rabbits following immunization. Inoculations by both the intradermal and oral routes allow protection of animals against a challenge with virulent RHDV.
Internalization of Echovirus 1 in Caveolae
2002
ABSTRACT Echovirus 1 (EV1) is a human pathogen which belongs to the Picornaviridae family of RNA viruses. We have analyzed the early events of infection after EV1 binding to its receptor α2β1 integrin and elucidated the route by which EV1 gains access to the host cell. EV1 binding onto the cell surface and subsequent entry resulted in conformational changes of the viral capsid as demonstrated by sucrose gradient sedimentation analysis. After 15 min to 2 h postinfection (p.i.) EV1 capsid proteins were seen in vesicular structures that were negative for markers of the clathrin-dependent endocytic pathway. In contrast, immunofluorescence confocal microscopy showed that EV1, α2β1 integrin, and …
Predicting Social Distancing Intention and Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Integrated Social Cognition Model.
2020
Abstract Background Social distancing is a key behavior to minimize COVID-19 infections. Identification of potentially modifiable determinants of social distancing behavior may provide essential evidence to inform social distancing behavioral interventions. Purpose The current study applied an integrated social cognition model to identify the determinants of social distancing behavior, and the processes involved, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods In a prospective correlational survey study, samples of Australian (N = 365) and U.S. (N = 440) residents completed online self-report measures of social cognition constructs (attitude, subjective norm, moral norm, anticipated regret…
Fluorescent organometallic rhodium(I) and ruthenium(II) metallodrugs with 4-ethylthio-1,8-naphthalimide ligands: Antiproliferative effects, cellular …
2018
Fluorescent 4-ethylthio-1,8-naphthalimides containing rhodium(I) N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and ruthenium (II) NHC fragments were synthesised and evaluated for their antiproliferative effects, cellular uptake and DNA-binding activity. Both types of organometallics triggered ligand dependent efficient cytotoxic effects against tumor cells with the rhodium(I) NHC derivatives causing stronger effects than the ruthenium (II) NHC analogues. Antiproliferative effects could also be observed against several pathogenic Gram-positive bacterial strains, whereas the growth of Gram-negative bacteria was not substantially affected. Cellular uptake was confirmed by atomic absorption spectroscopy as well…
Impact of covid-19 in gynecologic oncology: A nationwide italian survey of the sigo and mito groups
2020
Objective Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused rapid and drastic changes in cancer management. The Italian Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (SIGO), and the Multicenter Italian Trials in Ovarian cancer and gynecologic malignancies (MITO) promoted a national survey aiming to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on clinical activity of gynecologist oncologists and to assess the implementation of containment measures against COVID-19 diffusion. Methods The survey consisted of a self-administered, anonymous, online questionnaire. The survey was sent via email to all the members of the SIGO, and MITO groups on April 7, 2020, and was closed on April 20, 2020. Results Overall, 604 particip…
Presence of Blastocystis in gut microbiota is associated with cognitive traits and decreased executive function.
2022
Growing evidence implicates the gut microbiome in cognition. Blastocystis is a common gut single-cell eukaryote parasite frequently detected in humans but its potential involvement in human pathophysiology has been poorly characterized. Here we describe how the presence of Blastocystis in the gut microbiome was associated with deficits in executive function and altered gut bacterial composition in a discovery (n = 114) and replication cohorts (n = 942). We also found that Blastocystis was linked to bacterial functions related to aromatic amino acids metabolism and folate-mediated pyrimidine and one-carbon metabolism. Blastocystis-associated shifts in bacterial functionality translated into …
Utilization of hemin and hemoglobin by Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2
1996
The eel pathogen Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 is able to use hemoglobin (Hb) and hemin (Hm) to reverse iron limitation. In this stud, the adjuvant effect of both compounds on eel pathogenicity has been evaluated and confirmed. Further, we have studied the heme-iron acquisition mechanism displayed by this bacterium. Whole cells were capable of binding Hb and Hm, independently of (i) iron levels in growth medium and (ii) the presence of polysaccharide capsules on bacterial surface. The Hb- and Hm-binding capacity was retained by the outer membrane protein (OMP) fraction and was abolished after proteolytic digestion of OMP samples. Western blotting (immunoblotting) of denatured OMPs revealed th…
Role of iron in the pathogenicity of Vibrio damsela for fish and mammals.
1994
The ability to obtain iron of 14 isolates of Vibrio damsela with different degrees of virulence for mice and turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) has been evaluated in artificial and natural iron-restricted environments. All strains were capable of utilizing haemoglobin (Hb) and ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) as the sole iron sources in vitro. However, only virulent V. damsela strains were able to resist the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of human and turbot sera, their growth being enhanced by the addition of Hb and FAC. The inhibitory effect of these sera on the growth of the non-pathogenic strain (ATCC 35083), however, was reversed by heat treatment (56 degrees C for 60 min). The role o…
Crosstalk of the plasma contact system with bacteria.
2012
Activation of the plasma contact system triggers several cascade systems such as the kallikrein-kinin system, the intrinsic pathway of coagulation, the classical complement cascade and the fibrinolytic system. Recent studies have shown a critical role of the contact system for arterial and venous thrombus formation and thromboembolic disease. In contrast, the function of the contact system for host-defense reactions and its physiological functions have remained enigmatic. Experimental animal studies and clinical data have linked the contact system to bacterial infections with implications for sepsis disease. The present review summarizes the role of the contact system and its activation for…