Search results for "INFECTIONS"

showing 10 items of 2671 documents

Gut Bacteria Metabolism Impacts Immune Recovery in HIV-infected Individuals.

2016

While changes in gut microbial populations have been described in human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART), the mechanisms underlying the contributions of gut bacteria and their molecular agents (metabolites and proteins) to immune recovery remain unexplored. To study this, we examined the active fraction of the gut microbiome, through examining protein synthesis and accumulation of metabolites inside gut bacteria and in the bloodstream, in 8 healthy controls and 29 HIV-infected individuals (6 being longitudinally studied). We found that HIV infection is associated to dramatic changes in the active set of gut bacteria simultaneously alter…

0301 basic medicineMale030106 microbiologylcsh:MedicineInflammationHIV InfectionsGut microbiotaGut floraGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular BiologyVirusMicrobiology03 medical and health sciencesMedicine General & InternalImmunityAntiretroviral Therapy Highly ActivemedicineMetabolomeHumansMetabolomicsImmune recoveryBiologyMetaproteomelcsh:R5-920biologyBacteriaGastrointestinal Microbiomelcsh:RImmunityHIVGeneral MedicineViral Loadbiology.organism_classificationCD4 Lymphocyte CountGastrointestinal MicrobiomeAntiretroviral therapy030104 developmental biologyCase-Control StudiesImmunologyHIV-1MetabolomeFemalemedicine.symptomlcsh:Medicine (General)Viral loadBacteriaBiomarkersResearch PaperEBioMedicine
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SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, serum inflammatory biomarkers and clinical severity of hospitalized COVID-19 patients

2020

Background The involvement of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in mediating immunopathogenetic events in COVID-19 patients has been suggested. By using several experimental approaches, we investigated the potential association between SARS-CoV-2 IgGs recognizing the spike (S) protein receptor-binding domain (RBD), neutralizing antibodies (NtAb) targeting S, and COVID-19 severity. Patients and methods This unicenter, retrospective, observational study included 51 hospitalized patients (24 at the intensive care unit; ICU). A total of 93 sera from these patients collected at different time points from the onset of symptoms were analyzed. SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgGs were quantitated by ELISA and NtAb50 titers wer…

0301 basic medicineMaleAntibodies ViralSeverity of Illness IndexGastroenterologylaw.invention0302 clinical medicinelaw030212 general & internal medicinebiologyInflammatory biomarkersMiddle AgedIntensive care unitHospitalizationTiterInfectious DiseasesSpike Glycoprotein CoronavirusFemaleAntibodyCoronavirus InfectionsAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)030106 microbiologyPneumonia ViralNeutralizing antibodiesArticleVirus03 medical and health sciencesBetacoronavirusYoung AdultVirologyInternal medicineSeverity of illnessmedicineHumansPandemicsAgedRetrospective StudiesInflammationbusiness.industrySARS-CoV-2C-reactive proteinCOVID-19Retrospective cohort studyAntibodies NeutralizingFerritinbiology.proteinBinding Sites AntibodybusinessBiomarkers
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Switching to dual/monotherapy determines an increase in CD8+ in HIV-infected individuals: An observational cohort study

2018

Background The CD4/CD8 ratio has been associated with the risk of AIDS and non-AIDS events. We describe trends in immunological parameters in people who underwent a switch to monotherapy or dual therapy, compared to a control group remaining on triple antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods We included patients in Icona who started a three-drug combination ART regimen from an ART-naïve status and achieved a viral load ≤ 50 copies/mL; they were subsequently switched to another triple or to a mono or double regimen. Standard linear regression at fixed points in time (12-24 months after the switch) and linear mixed model analysis with random intercepts and slopes were used to compare CD4 and CD8…

0301 basic medicineMaleCD4-CD8 Ratiolcsh:MedicineHIV InfectionsCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesCD4/CD8 ratio; CD8; Chronic inflammation; Dual therapy; Monotherapy; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; CD4-CD8 Ratio; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cohort Studies; Emtricitabine; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Tenofovir; Medicine (all)Cohort Studies0302 clinical medicineEmtricitabineHIV Infection030212 general & internal medicineMedicine (all)General MedicineChronic inflammationCD4/CD8 ratio; CD8; Chronic inflammation; Dual therapy; Monotherapy; Medicine (all)Middle AgedSettore MED/07 - Microbiologia e Microbiologia ClinicaReverse Transcriptase InhibitorReverse Transcriptase InhibitorsFemalecd4/cd8 ratio; cd8; chronic inflammation; dual therapy; monotherapy; medicine (all)Research Articlemedicine.drugCohort studyHumanAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyDual therapyCD4/CD8 ratio; CD8; Chronic inflammation; Dual therapy; Monotherapy; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; CD4-CD8 Ratio; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cohort Studies; Emtricitabine; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; TenofovirAnti-HIV Agents030106 microbiologyCD4-CD8 RatioEmtricitabineSettore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVENO03 medical and health sciencesCD4/CD8 ratioInternal medicineLinear regressionmedicineHumansDual therapyTenofovirbusiness.industrylcsh:RAnti-HIV AgentCD8CD8-Positive T-LymphocyteMonotherapyConfidence intervalRegimenCD4/CD8 ratio; CD8; Chronic inflammation; Dual therapy; MonotherapyCD8; CD4/CD8 ratio; Chronic inflammation; Monotherapy; Dual therapyCohort StudiebusinessCD8
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Transfer of minimally manipulated CMV-specific T cells from stem cell or third-party donors to treat CMV infection after allo-HSCT.

2017

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a common, potentially life-threatening complication following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). We assessed prospectively the safety and efficacy of stem cell-donor-or third-party-donor-derived CMV-specific T cells for the treatment of persistent CMV infections after allo-HSCT in a phase I/IIa trial. Allo-HSCT patients with drugrefractory CMV infection and lacking virus-specific T cells were treated with a single dose of ex vivo major histocompatibility complex-Streptamer-isolated CMV epitope-specific donor T cells. Forty-four allo-HSCT patients receiving a T-cell-replete (D+ repl; n = 28) or T-cell-depleted (D+ depl; n = 16) …

0301 basic medicineMaleCancer ResearchAdoptive cell transfermedicine.medical_treatmentT-LymphocytesCytomegalovirusT-Cell Antigen Receptor SpecificityHuman leukocyte antigenHematopoietic stem cell transplantationAntiviral AgentsImmunotherapy AdoptiveLymphocyte Depletion03 medical and health sciencesImmunocompromised HostDrug Resistance ViralmedicineHumansProspective StudiesViremiabusiness.industryGraft SurvivalHematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantationvirus diseasesHematologyImmunotherapyAllograftsVirologyTissue DonorsHistocompatibilityTransplantationHaematopoiesis030104 developmental biologyOncologyHematologic NeoplasmsHistocompatibilityMyelodysplastic SyndromesImmunologyCytomegalovirus InfectionsFemaleStem cellbusiness
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JC Virus and Lung Adenocarcinoma: Fact or Myth?

2017

Background/aim An association has been reported between lung cancer and John Cunningham (JC) virus infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of JC virus in a small cohort of patients with lung adenocarcinoma and assess its presence in nodal metastasis. Materials and methods Consecutive samples of 13 surgically-removed lung tumors and 13 surrounding normal cancer-free tissues were selected. Five cases included metastatic lymph nodes. JC virus infection was assessed through nested PCR. Results Seven out of thirteen patients with lung adenocarcinoma had a positive PCR test for JC virus. One of the five patients with nodal metastasis had a positive PCR test for JC virus. N…

0301 basic medicineMaleCancer ResearchPathologymedicine.medical_specialtyTumor Virus InfectionsLung NeoplasmsvirusesJC virusAdenocarcinoma of Lung030230 surgeryAdenocarcinomamedicine.disease_causePolymerase Chain ReactionVirus03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicinemedicineHumansLung cancerAgedPolyomavirus InfectionsLungbusiness.industryJC Virus InfectionGeneral Medicinemedicine.diseaseJC VirusTumor Virus Infections030104 developmental biologymedicine.anatomical_structureOncologyCase-Control StudiesLymphatic MetastasisDNA ViralAdenocarcinomaFemalebusinessPolyomavirus InfectionsAnticancer research
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Significance of chronic toxoplasmosis in epidemiology of road traffic accidents in Russian Federation

2017

Studies carried out in Moscow residents have revealed that the prevalence of chronic toxoplasmosis is very close to those in countries of Eastern and Central Europe. Our findings also demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between the rate of traffic accidents and the seroprevalence of chronic toxoplasmosis in drivers who were held responsible for accidents. The latter was 2.37 times higher in drivers who were involved in road accidents compared with control groups. These results suggest that the consequences of chronic toxoplasmosis (particularly a slower reaction time and decreased concentration) might contribute to the peculiarities of the epidemiology of road traffic acci…

0301 basic medicineMaleCritical Care and Emergency Medicinelcsh:MedicineAntibodies ProtozoanRussiaGeographical LocationsEnvironmental protectionEpidemiologyMedicine and Health SciencesPrevalencePublic and Occupational Healthlcsh:ScienceRoad trafficTrauma MedicineGeographic AreasMultidisciplinaryGeographyTraumatic Injury Risk FactorsAccidents Traffic030108 mycology & parasitologyEuropeGeographyRoad Traffic CollisionsFemaleSafetyTraumatic InjuryToxoplasmosisResearch ArticleUrban Areasmedicine.medical_specialtyAsiaCognitive Neuroscience03 medical and health sciencesEnvironmental healthmedicineParasitic DiseasesReaction TimeSeroprevalenceHumansBehaviorProtozoan InfectionsRoad traffic safetylcsh:RTraffic SafetyBiology and Life Sciencesmedicine.diseaseToxoplasmosis030104 developmental biologyImmunoglobulin MCase-Control StudiesImmunoglobulin GPeople and PlacesChronic DiseaseEarth SciencesCognitive Sciencelcsh:QRussian federationhuman activitiesNeurosciencePLoS ONE
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Antibiotic resistance and population structure of cystic fibrosis Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from a Spanish multi-centre study

2017

The first Spanish multi-centre study on the microbiology of cystic fibrosis (CF) was conducted from 2013 to 2014. The study involved 24 CF units from 17 hospitals, and recruited 341 patients. The aim of this study was to characterise Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, 79 of which were recovered from 75 (22%) patients. The study determined the population structure, antibiotic susceptibility profile and genetic background of the strains. Fifty-five percent of the isolates were multi-drug-resistant, and 16% were extensively drug-resistant. Defective mutS and mutL genes were observed in mutator isolates (15.2%). Considerable genetic diversity was observed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (70 p…

0301 basic medicineMaleCystic FibrosisAntibiotic resistanceArray tubeMulti-locus sequence typing (MLST)medicine.disease_causeGenotypePharmacology (medical)ChildGeneticseducation.field_of_studyMolecular EpidemiologyVirulencePseucforrumus aeruginosaGeneral MedicineMiddle AgedMutS DNA Mismatch-Binding ProteinElectrophoresis Gel Pulsed-FieldInfectious DiseasesChild PreschoolPseudomonas aeruginosaFemalemedicine.drugMicrobiology (medical)AdultAdolescentGenotype030106 microbiologyPopulationVirulenceBiologyCystic fibrosisMicrobiology03 medical and health sciencesYoung AdultAntibiotic resistanceDrug Resistance BacterialmedicineHumansPseudomonas InfectionsTypingeducationGenetic diversityPseudomonas aeruginosaGenetic VariationMutL ProteinsSpainColistinMultilocus Sequence Typing
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Follicular dendritic cells display microvesicle-associated LMP1 in reactive germinal centers of EBV+ classic Hodgkin lymphoma

2018

Expression of the latent membrane protein-1 (LMP1) of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was investigated in 153 cases of EBV+ classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL); 120 cases were pediatric patients (< 14 years of age) from Iraq, and 33 cases were adult patients from Italy. We describe for the first time the presence of LMP1 protein in EBV-encoded RNA (EBER)-negative follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) of reactive germinal centers (GC) associated with EBV+ cHL. Presence of LMP1+ GCs was independent of geographic region and age of patients. Variable numbers of reactive GCs were present in 22.2% of cases (34 of 153), whereas LMP1 staining of FDCs was present in about a third of cases (10 of 34) with reactiv…

0301 basic medicineMaleEpstein-Barr Virus InfectionsClassic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL)CD30Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs)Exosomes and&nbsp0302 clinical medicineclassic hodgkin lymphoma (chl); epstein-barr virus (ebv); exosomes and microvesicles; follicular dendritic cells (fdcs); latent membrane protein-1 (lmp1); programmed death ligand 1 (pd-l1)Nodular sclerosisCell-Derived MicroparticlesEpstein-Barr Virus Infectionhemic and lymphatic diseasesChildCD63MicrovesicleGeneral MedicineMiddle AgedHodgkin DiseaseEpstein-Barr virus (EBV)Cell-Derived Microparticle030220 oncology & carcinogenesisProgrammed death ligand 1 (PD-L1)microvesicleOriginal ArticleFemaleHumanAdultBiologyVirusPathology and Forensic MedicineViral Matrix Proteins03 medical and health sciencesExosomes and microvesiclesmedicineotorhinolaryngologic diseasesHumansMolecular BiologyEpstein–Barr virus infectionAgedFollicular dendritic cellsGerminal centerCell Biologymedicine.diseaseGerminal CenterMolecular biologystomatognathic diseases030104 developmental biologyLatent membrane protein-1 (LMP1)Dendritic Cells Follicular
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Positioning of darunavir/cobicistat-containing antiretroviral regimens in real life: results from a large multicentre observational prospective cohor…

2019

Abstract Background Study aim was to evaluate the safety and durability of darunavir/cobicistat (DRV/c) in a real life setting. Methods Multicentre prospective cohort study performed in the context of SCOLTA (Surveillance Cohort Long-Term Toxicity Antiretrovirals). Patients were evaluated at baseline, week 24 and 48. Changes were evaluated using the paired t test or signed rank test. The multivariable analysis was performed using a general linear model, after ranking of not normally distributed variables. Results A total of 249 patients were included, 72 (29%) were in DRV/c-based dual therapies (DT). Hypercholesterolemia, HC, (total cholesterol (TC) ≥ 200 mg/dL or low density-C (LDL-C) ≥ 13…

0301 basic medicineMaleHIV Infections0302 clinical medicineDualMedicineHIV InfectionPharmacology (medical)030212 general & internal medicineProspective StudiesProspective cohort studyDarunavirCobicistatMiddle AgedViral LoadTolerabilityTolerabilityAnti-Retroviral AgentsCohortMolecular MedicineDrug Therapy CombinationFemaleDarunavir/cobicistatHumanmedicine.drugAdverse eventAdultlcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergymedicine.medical_specialty030106 microbiologyContext (language use)Durability03 medical and health sciencesDarunavir/cobicistat Dual Durability Tolerability CISAI Adverse eventsVirologyInternal medicineHumansDarunavirbusiness.industryResearchHypertriglyceridemiamedicine.diseaseCISAIDiscontinuationProspective StudieAdverse eventsHIV-1Anti-Retroviral AgentCobicistatbusinesslcsh:RC581-607
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Efficacy and tolerability of switching to a dual therapy with darunavir/ritonavir plus raltegravir in HIV-infected patients with HIV-1 RNA ≤50 cp/…

2017

Background: Nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) toxicity may represent a threat for long-term success of combined antiretroviral therapy. Some studies have suggested a possible improvement of NRTI-related toxicity after switching to NRTI-sparing regimens. Objectives: We aimed to explore the efficacy and tolerability of switching to darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) plus raltegravir (RAL) while having a viral load (VL) ≤50 copies/mL in the clinical setting. Study design: Treatment-experienced HIV 1-infected patients enrolled in the ICONA Foundation Study cohort were included if they switched their current regimen to DRV/r + RAL with a HIV-RNA ≤50 copies/mL. Different defin…

0301 basic medicineMaleHIV InfectionsAntiretroviral therapy; Darunavir/ritonavir; Efficacy; NRTI-sparing regimen; Raltegravir; Tolerability; Microbiology (medical); Infectious DiseasesAntiretroviral therapy; Darunavir/ritonavir; Efficacy; NRTI-sparing regimen; Raltegravir; Tolerability; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Cohort Studies; Darunavir; Drug Therapy Combination; Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Italy; Male; Middle Aged; RNA Viral; Raltegravir Potassium; Ritonavir; Viral LoadGastroenterologyCohort StudiesAntiretroviral therapy; Darunavir/ritonavir; Efficacy; NRTI-sparing regimen; Raltegravir; Tolerability0302 clinical medicineMedicineNRTI-sparing regimen030212 general & internal medicineViralDarunavireducation.field_of_studyLamivudineGeneral MedicineMiddle AgedViral LoadTolerabilityAntiretroviral therapyInfectious DiseasesTolerabilityItalyCombinationRNA ViralDrug Therapy CombinationFemaleViral loadmedicine.drugAdultMicrobiology (medical)medicine.medical_specialtyEfficacyAnti-HIV Agents030106 microbiologyPopulationDarunavir/ritonavir; Raltegravir; Efficacy; Tolerability; Antiretroviral therapy; NRTI-sparing regimenSettore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVELower riskNO03 medical and health sciencesDrug TherapyInternal medicineRaltegravir PotassiumHumanseducationDarunavirRitonavirbusiness.industryDarunavir/ritonavirRaltegravirRaltegravirHIV-1RNARitonavirbusinessAntiretroviral therapy; Darunavir/ritonavir; Efficacy; NRTI-sparing regimen; Raltegravir; Tolerability;
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