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showing 10 items of 3539 documents
Electrical conductivity as a state indicator for the start-up period of anaerobic fixed-bed reactors.
2016
The aim of this work was to analyse the applicability of electrical conductivity sensors for on-line monitoring the start-up period of an anaerobic fixed-bed reactor. The evolution of bicarbonate concentration and methane production rate was analysed. Strong linear relationships between electrical conductivity and both bicarbonate concentration and methane production rate were observed. On-line estimations of the studied parameters were carried out in a new start-up period by applying simple linear regression models, which resulted in a good concordance between both observed and predicted values. Electrical conductivity sensors were therefore identified as an interesting method for monitori…
Effect of the surrounding aeration on microcapillary electrochemical cell experiments
2008
In the microelectrochemical capillary cell technique a silicone rubber gasket is used to avoid any electrolyte leakage between the pulled glass capillary and the working electrode (the metallic tested material). In this study, it is demonstrated that the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is strongly affected by the use of the silicone rubber. Experiments under a surrounding argon gas shielding of the pulled capillary in contact with the metallic surface have been performed showing a large effect on the ORR. Considering the high permeation rate of oxygen through silicone, the decrease of the reaction rate observed experimentally was validated by FEM modelling assuming that the air/silicone/wat…
A Framework for Opening Data and Creating Advanced Services in the Health and Social Fields
2016
Open data is publicly available data that can be universally and readily accessed, used, and redistributed. Open data holds particular potential in the health and social sectors but, presently, health and social data are often published in a ‘closed’ format.There are different tools that allow to ‘open’ data, clean, structure and process them in order to elaborate them and build advanced services but, unfortunately, there is no single tool that can be used to perform all different tasks. We believe that the availability of Open Data in the health and social fields should be greatly increased and a way for creating new health and social services should be provided. In this paper, we present …
The lateral variation of solid state reactions at surfaces studied by means of photoemission electron microscopy: formation of titanium silicides
2001
The alloying and oxygen reduction at titanium silicon interfaces were studied by means of photoemission microscopy. The microscopic chemical composition of the sample surface was characterised by means of imaging X-ray absorption. The silicide formation was studied at clean and oxidised silicon substrates both covered with micron-sized titanium patterns.
Charge Sharing and Cross Talk Effects in High-Z and Wide-Bandgap Compound Semiconductor Pixel Detectors
2023
Intense research activities have been made in the development of high-Z and wide-bandgap compound semiconductor pixel detectors for the next generation X-ray and gamma ray spectroscopic imagers. Cadmium telluride (CdTe) and cadmium-zinc-telluride (CdZnTe or CZT) pixel detectors have shown impressive performance in X-ray and gamma ray detection from energies of few keV up to 1 MeV. Charge sharing and cross-talk phenomena represent the typical drawbacks in sub-millimeter pixel detectors, with severe distortions in both energy and spatial resolution. In this chapter, we review the effects of these phenomena on the response of CZT/CdTe pixel detectors, with particular emphasis on the current st…
High-Z Materials for X-ray Detection: Material Properties and Characterization Techniques
2023
This book will provide readers with a good overview of some of most recent advances in the field of High-Z materials. There will be a good mixture of general chapters in both technology and applications in opto-electronics, X-ray detection and emerging optoelectronics applications. The book will have an in-depth review of the research topics from world-leading specialists in the field.
Microscopic defects and impurity analyses of multicrystalline silicon solar cells from different manufacturing routes
2013
It is important to fully understand the physical behavior of solar cells made by materials from alternative process routes. Solar cells from Elkem Solar Grade Silicon and standard polysilicon have been investigated with light beam induced current and electroluminescence imaging. The low efficiency regions have been further analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy under different imaging modes. It was found that cell regions of low performance had undergone plastic deformations resulting in the creation of crystalline defects appearing as subgrain patterns. Similar patterns were observed in both ESS™ and standard polysilicon. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and electron backscatte…
The LOFT mission concept: a status update
2016
The Large Observatory For x-ray Timing (LOFT) is a mission concept which was proposed to ESA as M3 and M4 candidate in the framework of the Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 program. Thanks to the unprecedented combination of effective area and spectral resolution of its main instrument and the uniquely large field of view of its wide field monitor, LOFT will be able to study the behaviour of matter in extreme conditions such as the strong gravitational field in the innermost regions close to black holes and neutron stars and the supra-nuclear densities in the interiors of neutron stars. The science payload is based on a Large Area Detector (LAD, >8m2 effective area, 2-30 keV, 240 eV spectral resolut…
Gaspare Bazzano, detto lo Zoppo di Gangi (bottega di), Madonna delle Grazie con i Santi Agostino e Nicolò da Tolentino (scheda storico-artistica), in…
2010
Scheda storico artistica di un dipinto dei primi anni del XVII secolo qui attribuito alla bottega dello Zoppo di Gangi.
Electronic structure of indium selenide probed by magnetoabsorption spectroscopy under high pressure
2010
We report on an investigation of the peculiar electronic structure of the layered semiconductor InSe by magneto-optical experiments under high pressure up to 5 GPa. Magneto-absorption spectroscopy is performed under pulsed magnetic field up to 53 T using a specific setup. Excitonic magnetofingerprints and high-field oscillatory magnetoabsorption yield significant details on the band structure. In addition, the application of an external pressure unveils phenomena that confirm the specific $\mathbf{k}\ensuremath{\cdot}\mathbf{p}$ model proposed for this compound on the basis of earlier measurements.