Search results for "Immunity"

Efficacy of a bivalent vaccine against eel diseases caused by Vibrio vulnificus after its administration by four different routes

2003

Vulnivaccine, a vaccine against vibriosis caused by Vibrio vulnificus serovar E (formerly biotype 2), confers acceptable levels of protection to eels after its administration by prolonged immersion in three doses. Recently, a new pathogenic serovar, named serovar A, has been isolated from vaccinated eels in a Spanish freshwater eel farm. The main objective of this work was to design a bivalent vaccine, and to study its effectiveness against the two pathogenic serovars. With this aim, eels weighing around 20 g were immunised with the bivalent vaccine by oral and anal intubation, intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) and prolonged immersion. The overall results indicated that: (i) the new vaccine …

Field testing of a vaccine against eel diseases caused by Vibrio vulnificus

2001

The field results of a vaccination programme against Vibrio vulnificus serovar E (biotype 2) in a Spanish eel farm are reported. A total of 9.5 million glass eels were vaccinated from January 1998 to March 2000 by prolonged immersion followed by 2 subsequent reimmunisations after 12 to 14 and 24 to 28 d, respectively. The acquired protection and the immune response against serovar E were estimated over a period of 6 mo after vaccination. A similar vaccination schedule was conducted with elvers in a Danish eel farm. In this case, the acquired protection and the immune response against serovar E and the new eel-pathogenic serovars, recently described in Denmark, were evaluated over a short te…

Genome wide survey of the Toll-like receptor family in the Mediterranean sea urchin

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent a conserved family of proteins widely expressed in eukaryotes. They play crucial roles in the innate immune system recognizing different pathogen-associated molecular patterns. In mammals the TLR family comprises 10-13 members, while a huge number of TLR-like genes were recovered in S.purpuratus[1-3]. The Paracentrotus lividus genome project recently generated a new highquality assembly of the genome that represents a valuable resource also for clarifying the evolutionary origin of immune system. In order to identify TLR genes in P.lividus, a genome wide survey was carried out and BLAT searches retrieved 119 TLR genes (PlivTLRs). Ab initio gene predictio…

Immunolocalization and involvement of antimicrobial peptides in local inflammatory-like reactions in the tunic of Ciona intestinalis (Tunicata).

2011

Rateless Codes Performance Analysis in Correlated Channel Model for GEO Free Space Optics Downlinks

2012

How Can We Improve the Vaccination Response in Older People? Part II: Targeting Immunosenescence of Adaptive Immunity Cells.

2022

The number of people that are 65 years old or older has been increasing due to the improvement in medicine and public health. However, this trend is not accompanied by an increase in quality of life, and this population is vulnerable to most illnesses, especially to infectious diseases. Vaccination is the best strategy to prevent this fact, but older people present a less efficient response, as their immune system is weaker due mainly to a phenomenon known as immunosenescence. The adaptive immune system is constituted by two types of lymphocytes, T and B cells, and the function and fitness of these cell populations are affected during ageing. Here, we review the impact of ageing on T and B …

Immunity and Aging

2016

In the elderly, many alterations of innate and acquired immunity have been described and viewed as deleterious, hence the term immunosenescence. Immunosenescence is a complex process involving multiple reorganizational and developmentally regulated changes, rather than simple unidirectional decline of complete immune function. On the other hand, some immunological parameters are commonly notably reduced in the elderly, and reciprocally good function is tightly correlated to health status. Whereas innate immunity is relatively well preserved in elderly, acquired immunity is more susceptible due to both the functional decline associated with the passage of time, and to antigen burden to which…

Impact of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection on Human B Cell Compartment and Antibody Responses

2022

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most important health challenges worldwide. Control of the TB epidemic has not yet been achieved because of the lack of an effective vaccine and rapid and sensitive diagnostic approaches, as well as the emergence of drug-resistant forms of M. tuberculosis. Cellular immunity has a pivotal role against M. tuberculosis infection, but the role of humoral immunity is still controversial. We analyzed the frequency, absolute counts, and phenotypic and functional subsets of B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with active TB and subjects with latent infection compared to healthy donors. Moreover, we analyzed serum levels of total Ig and their IgA, I…

Diet and Immunosenescence

2013

Ageing is a systemic condition leading to a gradual loss of molecular and cellular fidelity. A feature of ageing is immunosenescence, consisting in several modifications that increase morbidity and mortality in elderly. Environment, genetic background, immune system, and intestinal microbiota play a fundamental role in immunosenescence. The development of a chronic, low-grade, inflammatory status, known as “inflamm-ageing,” is a typical aspect of immunosenescence mostly due to the pro-inflammatory cytokine production linked to the chronic antigenic load. Nutrition can act on ageing, immunity, and health in general. Unbalanced diet with an insufficient intake of micro- and macronutrient and …

Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Hypertension-Brain-Induced Complications: Focus on Molecular Mediators.

2021

There is growing evidence that hypertension is the most important vascular risk factor for the development and progression of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The brain is an early target of hypertension-induced organ damage and may manifest as stroke, subclinical cerebrovascular abnormalities and cognitive decline. The pathophysiological mechanisms of these harmful effects remain to be completely clarified. Hypertension is well known to alter the structure and function of cerebral blood vessels not only through its haemodynamics effects but also for its relationships with endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation. In the last several years, new possible mechani…