Search results for "Immunologic"
showing 10 items of 1115 documents
NKG2D induces Mcl-1 expression and mediates survival of CD8 memory T cell precursors via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.
2013
Abstract Memory formation of activated CD8 T cells is the result of a specific combination of signals that promote long-term survival and inhibit differentiation into effector cells. Much is known about initial cues that drive memory formation, but it is poorly understood which signals are essential during the intermediate stages before terminal differentiation. NKG2D is an activating coreceptor on Ag-experienced CD8 T cells that promotes effector cell functions. Its role in memory formation is currently unknown. In this study, we show that NKG2D controls formation of CD8 memory T cells by promoting survival of precursor cells. We demonstrate that NKG2D enhances IL-15–mediated PI3K signalin…
Cladribine exerts an immunomodulatory effect on human and murine dendritic cells
2014
Cladribine is a purine nucleoside analog developed to treat lymphoid malignancies. Reported therapeutic benefits for the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis indicate additional immunomodulatory effects beyond the well-characterized cytotoxic activity causing lymphopenia. Here, we demonstrate that cladribine reduces the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by murine and human dendritic cells, the most potent antigen-presenting cells. This compound also modulates the expression of the activation markers CD86 and MHC II. Furthermore, cladribine affects the T cell priming capacity of dendritic cells, resulting in reduced induction of interferon-γ- and tumor necrosis factor-α-pro…
Interleukin-10-treated dendritic cells do not inhibit Th2 immune responses in ovalbumin/alum-sensitized mice.
2005
<i>Background:</i> It is well known that the immunoregulatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 inhibits the accessory function of human dendritic cells (DC) in vitro. Recently, we have shown that these IL-10 DC inhibit the production of T helper cell 1 (Th1) and T helper cell 2 (Th2) cytokines by T cells from atopic individuals in vitro. The current study was set out to analyze whether IL-10 DC also exert inhibitory effects in vivo in a murine model of allergy to ovalbumin adsorbed to the adjuvant aluminium hydroxide (OVA/alum). <i>Methods:</i> OVA-pulsed or unpulsed bone marrow-derived DC, treated with IL-10 or left untreated during generation, were injected intravenous…
Induction of secondary cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in vitro does not require cell proliferation.
1976
SummaryUsing a mouse in vitro allograft model, evidence has been obtained that, in contrast to the accepted view, the generation of cytotoxic effector function in T-lymphocytes does not necessarily require cell division.
Human Hsp10 and Early Pregnancy Factor (EPF) and their relationship and involvement in cancer and immunity: current knowledge and perspectives.
2009
This article is about Hsp10 and its intracellular and extracellular forms focusing on the relationship of the latter with Early Pregnancy Factor and on their roles in cancer and immunity. Cellular physiology and survival are finely regulated and depend on the correct functioning of the entire set of proteins. Misfolded or unfolded proteins can cause deleterious effects and even cell death. The chaperonins Hsp10 and Hsp60 act together inside the mitochondria to assist protein folding. Recent studies demonstrated that these proteins have other roles inside and outside the cell, either together or independently of each other. For example, Hsp10 was found increased in the cytosol of different t…
Distinct Signaling Cascades of TREM-1, TLR and NLR in Neutrophils and Monocytic Cells
2013
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) is an important mediator of innate inflammatory responses in microbial infections and sepsis. TREM-1 ligation on neutrophils (PMN) or monocytes results in the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Engagement of TREM-1 induces the activation of MAP kinases as well as rapid Ca<sup>2+</sup> mobilization. However, a detailed understanding of TREM-1 signaling pathways is currently lacking. We evaluated the TREM-1 signaling hierarchy in monocytic cells and found that the acute myeloid leukemia cell line MUTZ-3 expresses TREM-1 in a natural and functional manner. We compared essential signaling molecules of the TREM-1, TLR an…
Laser capture microdissection and genetic analysis of carbon-labeled Kupffer cells.
2009
AIM: To develop a method of labeling and micro-dissecting mouse Kupffer cells within an extraordinarily short period of time using laser capture microdissection (LCM). METHODS: Tissues are complex structures comprised of a heterogeneous population of interconnected cells. LCM offers a method of isolating a single cell type from specific regions of a tissue section. LCM is an essential approach used in conjunction with molecular analysis to study the functional interaction of cells in their native tissue environment. The process of labeling and acquiring cells by LCM prior to mRNA isolation can be elaborate, thereby subjecting the RNA to considerable degradation. Kupffer cell labeling is ach…
HSP60 expression during carcinogenesis: a molecular “Proteus” of carcinogenesis?
2005
Sir, I read with much interest the comprehensive review by Ciocca and Calderwood (2005) in which they analyze the diagnostic, prognostic, predictive, and treatment values of a number of Hsps in oncology. Concerning the implications of Hsps in cancer diagnosis in particular, they report that since “Hsps are overexpressed in a wide range of malignant cells and tissues … Hsp detection is not useful in diagnostic immunopathology.” Nevertheless, “Hsp expression levels can help indicate the presence of abnormal changes during the process of carcinogenesis.” The authors support this remark by reference to several papers by our group (Cappello et al 2002–2003, 2003a, 2003b, 2003c) in which we demon…
Th9 cells, new players in adaptive immunity.
2014
Upon antigen-specific stimulation, naive CD4⁺ T cells have the potential to differentiate into various T helper (Th) cell subsets. Earlier models of Th cell differentiation focused on IFN-γ-producing Th1 cells and IL-4-secreting Th2 cells. The discovery of additional CD4⁺ Th cell subsets has extended our understanding of Th cell differentiation beyond this dichotomy. Among these is the recently described Th9 cell subset, which preferentially produces interleukin (IL)-9. Here, we review the latest developments in Th9 cell development and differentiation, focusing on contributing environmental signals, and discuss potential physiological and pathophysiological functions of these cells. We des…
Recombinant virus-like particles of a norovirus (genogroup II strain) administered intranasally and orally with mucosal adjuvants LT and LT(R192G) in…
2003
We investigated the immune response induced by mucosal immunization of BALB/c mice with virus-like particles (VLPs) of a genogroup II norovirus, Dijon171/96 virus, produced in the baculovirus system. VLPs administered alone by the intranasal route induced a high serum antibody response as well as fecal IgA, which were enhanced when the heat-labile Escherichia coli toxin or its non toxic mutant LT(R192G) was coadministered. In these conditions, the oral route was also efficient. Cytokine production by cells from different lymphoid tissues was then assessed after in vitro restimulation. A Th1/Th2-like response was observed in cervical lymph node and Peyer's patch (PP) cell cultures from mice …