Search results for "Immunomodulation"

Are functional gi disorders gastroenterological or neurological diseases?

2009

Disrupting immune regulation incurs transient costs in male reproductive function.

2014

9 pages; International audience; BACKGROUND: Immune protection against pathogenic organisms has been shown to incur costs. Previous studies investigating the cost of immunity have mostly focused on the metabolic requirements of immune maintenance and activation. In addition to these metabolic costs, the immune system can induce damage to the host if the immune response is mis-targeted or over-expressed. Given its non-specific nature, an over-expressed inflammatory response is often associated with substantial damage for the host. Here, we investigated the cost of an over-expressed inflammatory response in the reproductive function of male mice. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We experimenta…

Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Candidates for Beta Cells Regeneration: Extending the Differentiative and Immunomodulatory Benefits of Adul…

2010

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are uniquely capable of crossing germinative layers borders (i.e. are able to differentiate towards ectoderm-, mesoderm- and endoderm-derived cytotypes) and are viewed as promising cells for regenerative medicine approaches in several diseases. Type I diabetes therapy should potentially benefit from such differentiated cells: the search for alternatives to organ/islet transplantation strategies via stem cells differentiation is an ongoing task, significant goals having been achieved in most experimental settings (e.g. insulin production and euglycaemia restoration), though caution is still needed to ensure safe and durable effects in vivo. MSC are obtainable in …

Interferon-α Abrogates Tolerance Induction by Human Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells

2011

Background Administration of interferon-α (IFN-α) represents an approved adjuvant therapy as reported for malignancies like melanoma and several viral infections. In malignant diseases, tolerance processes are critically involved in tumor progression. In this study, the effect of IFN-α on tolerance induction by human tolerogenic dendritic cells (DC) was analyzed. We focussed on tolerogenic IL-10-modulated DC (IL-10 DC) that are known to induce anergic regulatory T cells (iTregs). Methodology/Principal Findings IFN-α promoted an enhanced maturation of IL-10 DC as demonstrated by upregulation of the differentiation marker CD83 as well as costimulatory molecules. IFN-α treatment resulted in an…

Toll-like receptors – sentries in the B-cell response

2009

Summary Toll-like receptors (TLR) play a central role in the initiation of the innate immune response to pathogens. Upon recognition of molecular motifs specific for microbial molecules TLR mediate pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and enhance antigen presentation; in B cells they further promote expansion, class switch recombination and immunoglobulin secretion. As a result of their adjuvant properties, TLR ligands have become an integral component of antimicrobial vaccines. In spite of this, little is known of the direct effects of TLR engagement on B-lymphocyte function. The scope of this review is to outline the differences in TLR expression and reactivity in murine and human B-cell s…

Serological, immunomorphological and bioinformatics analyses suggest Hsp60 is involved in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis pathogenesis.

2013

Editorial: Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy for Regenerative Medicine

2022

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) therapies are increasingly explored as novel regenerative and immunomodulatory approaches to treat or prevent diseases (Pittenger et al., 2019; Hmadcha et al., 2020; Moll et al., 2020b; Ringdén et al., 2022). These cells exhibit potent paracrine properties that can modulate host immune responses, lower inflammation, and orchestrate endogenous tissue repair, at both the local and the systemic level through multiple pathways (Singer and Caplan, 2011; Doorn et al., 2012). MSCs possess tropism toward damaged and inflamed tissues, where they can engraft short-term and exert their therapeutic effects by both direct and indirect mechanisms (Doorn et al., 2012; G…

Valorization of rapeseed meal by solid state fermentation for an application in animal nutrition

2017

Solid state fermentation (SSF) is a biotechnological process particularly well adapted to the treatment of vegetable biomass. This technology adjustable to industrial scale, is adapted to current challenges in animal nutrition by developing fermented products in order to improve the quality of raw materials from a nutritional and functional point of view. The work presented in this thesis considers these issues using rapeseed meal from the oil crushing industry.A first screening study highlighted several fungal strains based on their growth performance and protein enrichment (total and digestible) of the substrate. Levels similar to those of soybean meal, the main protein source in animal n…

The revised microRNA complement of Fasciola hepatica reveals a plethora of overlooked microRNAs and evidence for enrichment of immuno-regulatory micr…

2015

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are gene regulators that have recently been shown to down-regulate the immune response via extracellular vesicles in the mammalian host of helminthic parasites. Using the miRNA prediction pipeline miRCandRef, we expanded the current miRNA set of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica (Platyhelminthes, Trematoda) from 16 to 54 miRNAs (42 conserved and 13 novel). Comparing the cellular expression levels with extracellular vesicles, we found all miRNAs expressed and enriched for miRNAs with immuno-regulatory function, tissue growth and cancer. Our findings support the hypothesis that miRNAs are the molecular mediators of the previously demonstrated immune modulatory function of e…

Vitamin D and immunomodulation: Is it time to change the reference values?

2017

The term "vitamin D" refers to two chemical compounds - ergosterol, or vitamin D2, and cholecalciferol, or vitamin D3. Active vitamin D3 is correctly regarded as a neurohormone due to its pleiotropic biological activities. Although the relation between vitamin D and calcium-phosphorus metabolism has never been discussed, the knowledge on many other roles vitamin D plays is growing fast. Briefly, vitamin D immunomodulation includes attenuation and stimulation of Th1 and Th2 cell proliferation, respectively. Similarly, vitamin D can induce or inhibit the synthesis, secretion, and release of anti- inflammatory (IL- 4 and IL-10) and pro-inflammatory (IL-1, TNF-α, IFN-γ) cytokines, respectivel…