Search results for "Immunotherapy."
showing 10 items of 819 documents
FROM ALLERGEN BACK TO ANTIGEN: A RATIONAL APPROACH TO NEW FORMS OF IMMUNOTHERAPY
2007
TCR Clonality and Genomic Instability Signatures as Prognostic Biomarkers in High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer.
2021
Simple Summary High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) could be analyzed with a molecular stratification defined by different genomic instability signatures associated with specific mutational process and prognostic biomarkers. Immune infiltrate is known to be a robust biomarker in HGSC. We aimed to investigate immune parameters according to genomic instability signatures. We observed that homologous recombination deficiency positive, copy cumber variant signature 7 and TCR (T cells receptor) clonality are good prognostic biomarkers in HGSC. Combining TCR clonality and genomic instability signature or T cell infiltration improved the prognostic value compared to each variable taken alone…
Physiological Mechanisms of Treatment Resistance
2009
It is generally accepted that tumor perfusion, microcirculation, characteristics of the interstitial space of tumors, oxygen (and nutrient) supply, tissue pH distribution and the bioenergetic status—factors that are usually closely linked and that define the so-called pathophysiological microenvironment—can markedly influence the therapeutic response of malignant tumors to sparsely ionizing radiation, chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, hormonal therapy and immunotherapy. Besides more direct mechanisms involved in the development of acquired therapeutic resistance, there are in addition, obstacles in intratumor pharmacokinetics of antitumor agents due to delivery problems caused by an inade…
The Development of Vaccines from Synthetic Tumor‐Associated Mucin Glycopeptides and their Glycosylation‐Dependent Immune Response
2021
Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens are overexpressed as altered-self in most common epithelial cancers. Their glycosylation patterns differ from those of healthy cells, functioning as an ID for cancer cells. Scientists have been developing anti-cancer vaccines based on mucin glycopeptides, yet the interplay of delivery system, adjuvant and tumor associated MUC epitopes in the induced immune response is not well understood. The current state of the art suggests that the identity, abundancy and location of the glycans on the MUC backbone are all key parameters in the cellular and humoral response. This review shares lessons learned by us in over two decades of research in glycopeptide vac…
Abstract CT020: MERIT: introducing individualized cancer vaccines for the treatment of TNBC - a phase I trial
2016
Abstract The majority of metastatic cancers remain incurable since the current methods of treatment often fail to target the heterogeneous nature of each individual patient's tumor. Personalized approaches targeting each individual patient's tumor may therefore bring significant improvements. The Mutanome Engineered RNA Immuno-Therapy (MERIT) consortium will clinically validate a pioneering RNA-based immunotherapy concept for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) by targeting shared tumor antigens and individual neo-antigens in TNBC patients. MERIT combines two personalized treatment concepts: (i) treatment with vaccines containing “off-the-shelf” mRNAs selected from a pre-s…
Cross-reactivity between tumor MHC class I-restricted antigens and an enterococcal bacteriophage
2020
International audience; Intestinal microbiota have been proposed to induce commensal-specific memory T cells that cross-react with tumor-associated antigens. We identified major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-binding epitopes in the tail length tape measure protein (TMP) of a prophage found in the genome of the bacteriophage Enterococcus hirae Mice bearing E. hirae harboring this prophage mounted a TMP-specific H-2Kb-restricted CD8+ T lymphocyte response upon immunotherapy with cyclophosphamide or anti-PD-1 antibodies. Administration of bacterial strains engineered to express the TMP epitope improved immunotherapy in mice. In renal and lung cancer patients, the presence of the ent…
Interferon-α for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B
2004
Precision medicine in breast cancer: reality or utopia?
2017
International audience; Many cancers, including breast cancer, have demonstrated prognosis and support advantages thanks to the discovery of targeted therapies. The advent of these new approaches marked the rise of precision medicine, which leads to improve the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cancer. Precision medicine takes into account the molecular and biological specificities of the patient and their tumors that will influence the treatment determined by physicians. This new era of medicine is accessible through molecular genetics platforms, the development of high-speed sequencers and means of analysis of these data. Despite the spectacular results in the treatment of cancers inc…
A catalog of HLA type, HLA expression, and neo-epitope candidates in human cancer cell lines
2014
Cancer cell lines are a tremendous resource for cancer biology and therapy development. These multipurpose tools are commonly used to examine the genetic origin of cancers, to identify potential novel tumor targets, such as tumor antigens for vaccine devel-opment, and utilized to screen potential therapies in preclinical studies. Mutations, gene expression, and drug sensitivity have been determined for many cell lines using next-generation sequencing (NGS). However, the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) type and HLA expression of tumor cell lines, characterizations necessary for the development of cancer vaccines, have remained largely incomplete and, such information, when available, has been …
The role of HLA-G for protection of human renal cell-carcinoma cells from immune-mediated lysis: implications for immunotherapies.
2003
HLA-G as a non-classical MHC class I molecule exhibits a limited tissue distribution and exerts multiple immune regulatory functions including the induction of immune tolerance. In addition, HLA-G has been detected in some tumors of different histology and therefore may represent a novel immune escape mechanism of tumor cells. Despite the immunogenicity of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), outgrowth of tumor cells occurs which might be attributable to abrogation of efficient anti-tumor responses. We here review the potential role of HLA-G in RCC immunology, the HLA-G expression pattern and its functional consequences on immune responses. A heterogenous constitutive and interferon- inducible HLA-G…