Search results for "Inflammation."
showing 10 items of 2627 documents
Adipocyte cannabinoid CB1 receptor deficiency alleviates high fat diet-induced memory deficit, depressive-like behavior, neuroinflammation and impair…
2019
Abstract Background Obesity is a low-grade inflammation condition that facilitates the development of numerous comorbidities and the dysregulation of brain homeostasis. Additionally, obesity also causes distinct behavioral alterations both in humans and rodents. Here, we investigated the effect of inducible genetic deletion of the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1) in adipocytes (Ati-CB1-KO mice) on obesity-induced memory deficits, depressive-like behavior, neuroinflammation and adult neurogenesis. Methods Behavioral, mRNA expression and immunohistochemical studies were performed in Ati-CB1-KO mice and corresponding wild-type controls under standard and high-fat diet. Results Adipocyte-speci…
Effects of levosimendan on hemodynamics, local cerebral blood flow, neuronal injury, and neuroinflammation after asphyctic cardiac arrest in rats.
2014
Despite advances in cardiac arrest treatment, high mortality and morbidity rates after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation are still a major clinical relevant problem. The post cardiac arrest syndrome subsumes myocardial dysfunction, impaired microcirculation, systemic inflammatory response, and neurological impairment. The calcium-sensitizer levosimendan was able to improve myocardial function and initial resuscitation success after experimental cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation. We hypothesized that levosimendan exerts beneficial effects on cerebral blood flow, neuronal injury, neurological outcome, and inflammation 24 hours after experimental cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonar…
Inflammation-induced upregulation of NK1 receptor mRNA in dorsal horn neurones
1993
The expression of the neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor (i.e. substance P receptor) gene in spinal cord was studied in rats subjected to unilateral inflammation by semi-quantitative in situ hybridization analysis. Low levels of NK1 receptor mRNA were detected in many neurones throughout the grey matter. Relatively strong labelling was observed in large motoneurones and a subpopulation of superficial dorsal horn neurones. Six days after Freund's adjuvant-induced unilateral hindpaw inflammation, NK1 receptor mRNA levels in lamina I/II of the dorsal horn ipsilateral to the inflamed paw increased almost two fold compared with the contralateral side. These data suggest an inflammation-induced increase…
CXCR2 blockade impairs angiotensin II-induced CC chemokine synthesis and mononuclear leukocyte infiltration.
2007
Objective—Angiotensin II (Ang-II) and mononuclear leukocytes are involved in atherosclerosis. This study reports the inhibition of Ang-II–induced mononuclear cell recruitment by CXCR2 antagonism and the mechanisms involved.Methods and Results—Ang-II (1 nmol/L, i.p. in rats) induced CXC and CC chemokines, followed by neutrophil and mononuclear cell recruitment. Administration of the CXCR2 antagonist, SB-517785-M, inhibited the infiltration of both neutrophils (98%) and mononuclear cells (60%). SB-517785-M had no effect on the increase in CXC chemokine levels but reduced MCP-1, RANTES, and MIP-1α release by 66%, 63%, and 80%, respectively. Intravital microscopy showed that pretreatment with S…
Cytokine expression in tears of patients with glaucoma or dry eye disease: A prospective, observational cohort study.
2018
Background: The aim of this study was to assess the expression of cytokines/chemokines in tears from patients with non-advanced primary open-angle glaucoma and patients with non-severe dry eye disease versus healthy controls. Methods: This prospective, observational cohort study enrolled patients with confirmed or suspected non-advanced primary open-angle glaucoma who received any prostaglandin analogue monotherapy for longer than 6 months, patients with non-severe dry eye disease, and healthy controls. Expression of interleukin-1β, interleukin-2, interleukin-4, interleukin-5, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, and interleukin-12; tumor necrosis factor α; vascular endothelial gro…
When GLP-1 hits the liver: a novel approach for insulin resistance and NASH
2012
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis (NASH), increasing fibrosis and eventually, cirrhosis ([22][1]). Importantly, NASH accompanied by fibrosis and severe inflammation is the most relevant predictor for disease progression
Cytomegalovirus infection with interleukin-6 response predicts cardiac mortality in patients with coronary artery disease.
2001
Background —Prospective data relating previous exposure to cytomegalovirus (CMV) to the risk of cardiac mortality are controversial. We investigated the effect of previous exposure to CMV infection on the risk of future cardiac disease–related death in relation to an underlying inflammatory response. Methods and Results —Coronary angiography was performed in 1134 subjects, and 989 patients with documented coronary artery disease were studied prospectively. CMV-IgG titers and interleukin (IL)-6 levels were measured before angiography. Increasing titers of CMV correlated with the elevation of IL-6 levels ( P <0.001) after adjustment for possible confounders. All patients were followed up …
Anti-inflammatory effects of cerebrocrast in a model of rat paw edema and on mononuclear THP-1 cells.
2002
Cerebrocrast (IOS 1.1212; 4-[2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid di(2-propoxyethyl) diester) is a novel derivative of 1,4-dihydropyridine, which does not antagonize Ca(2+) influx in neuronal tissues. Since several classical dihydropyridines possess anti-inflammatory properties, we first studied the effects of cerebrocrast in a model of rat paw edema induced by carrageenan. Cerebrocrast had a preventative effect in this model of inflammation, with maximal activity (32-45% inhibition) in the 0.1-0.25 mg kg(-1) range. It was ineffective when added after the injection of carrageenan. Subsequent in vitro experiments showed that cerebrocrast in the mi…
Alterations of a Cellular Cholesterol Metabolism Network Are a Molecular Feature of Obesity-Related Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease
2015
Obesity is linked to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We aimed to identify obesity-associated molecular features that may contribute to obesity-related diseases. Using circulating monocytes from 1,264 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants, we quantified the transcriptome and epigenome. We discovered that alterations in a network of coexpressed cholesterol metabolism genes are a signature feature of obesity and inflammatory stress. This network included 11 BMI-associated genes related to sterol uptake (↑LDLR, ↓MYLIP), synthesis (↑SCD, FADS1, HMGCS1, FDFT1, SQLE, CYP51A1, SC4MOL), and efflux (↓A…
Vitamin D status is linked to biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial activation in obese children.
2012
To examine vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and serum calcium-phosphorus levels relationships to biomarkers of oxidative/nitrosative stress, inflammation, and endothelial activation, potential contributors for vascular complications in obese children.Cross-sectional clinical study of 66 obese Caucasian children aged 7 to 14 years. Cardiovascular risk factors were assessed. Malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase as measures of oxidative stress, and plasma nitrite+nitrate, urinary nitrate, and 3-nitrotyrosine as markers of nitrosative stress were measured. Adipocytokines, inflammatory molecules (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α), endothelial activati…