Search results for "Inhalation"
showing 10 items of 326 documents
Association between reduced bronchodilatory effect of deep inspiration and loss of alveolar attachments.
2005
Abstract Background We have previously shown that the bronchodilatory effect of deep inspiration is attenuated in individuals with COPD. This study was designed to investigate whether the impairment in this effect is associated with loss of alveolar attachments. Methods We measured deep inspiration (DI)-induced bronchodilation in 15 individuals with and without COPD (67 ± 2.2 yrs of age, mean ± SEM) undergoing lobar resection for peripheral pulmonary nodule. Prior to surgery, we measured TLCO and determined the bronchodilatory effect of deep inspiration after constricting the airways with methacholine. The number of destroyed alveolar attachments, as well as airway wall area and airway smoo…
Chronic burden of near-roadway traffic pollution in 10 European cities (APHEKOM network).
2013
AD; International audience; Recent epidemiological research suggests that near road traffic-related pollution may cause chronic disease, as well as exacerbate related pathologies, implying that the entire “chronic disease progression” should be attributed to air pollution, no matter what the proximate cause was. We estimated the burden of childhood asthma attributable to air pollution in 10 European cities by calculating the number of cases of 1) asthma caused by near road traffic-related pollution, and 2) acute asthma events related to urban air pollution levels. We then expanded our approach to include coronary heart diseases in adults.Derivation of attributable cases required combining c…
Why small particle fixed dose triple therapy? An excursus from COPD pathology to pharmacological treatment evolution
2022
Although bronchodilators are the cornerstone in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) therapy, the treatment with a single-agent bronchodilator may not provide adequate symptoms control in COPD. The combination of drugs with different mechanisms of action may be more effective in inducing bronchodilation and preventing exacerbations, with a lower risk of side-effects in comparison with the increase of the dose of a single molecule. Several studies comparing the triple therapy with the association of long-acting ß2 agonist (LABA)/inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) or long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA)/LABA reported improvement of lung function and quality of life. A significant reduc…
Deep inspiration-induced bronchoprotection is stronger than bronchodilation
2000
We have previously shown that in healthy subjects, deep inspiration (DI) has not only a bronchodilatory but also a bronchoprotective effect that is absent in asthmatic subjects. We conducted the study reported here to test the hypothesis that the bronchoprotective effect is stronger than the bronchodilatory effect, and to determine the extent to which these two effects are related. Ten healthy subjects underwent provocations in which single doses of methacholine, previously shown to reduce FEV(1) by 10% to 20% (Dose 1) and by 20% to 40% (Dose 2) were administered after a 20-min period devoid of DI. To measure the bronchodilator effect, DIs were performed immediately after the first spiromet…
Airway Responsiveness to Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate and Exhaled Nitric Oxide Measurements
2003
Objectives To investigate the utility of the determination of airway responsiveness to inhaled adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP) and exhaled nitric oxide (ENO) levels as markers for safely reducing the dose of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in patients with asthma well controlled with a moderately high ICS dose. Methods A total of 37 patients with asthma well controlled for at least 3 months by treatment with a moderately high ICS dose (beclomethasone dipropionate, 500 to 1,000 μg or equivalent daily) were included in the study. Patients were treated for a 2-week run-in (baseline) period with their usual dose of ICS. For the next 12 weeks, patients were treated with ICS at half the previous d…
Maximal Response Plateau to Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate in Asthma
2009
Background No information is available on the plateau in response to adenosine 5′-monophosphate. The aims of the present study were to determine whether plateau can be detected with AMP and the relation with the plateau in response to methacholine, and to identify the relation between the plateau and indirect markers of airway inflammation, such as exhaled nitric oxide (ENO) and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) pH. Methods Airway responsiveness to high concentrations of methacholine and AMP, ENO levels, and EBC pH values were obtained in 31 subjects with well-controlled asthma. Concentration-response curves were characterized by their concentration of agonist that produces a decrease in FEV …
Physicochemical compatibility and stability of nebulizable drug admixtures containing Dornase alfa and tobramycin.
2012
The objective of this in-vitro study was to determine whether admixtures of the inhalation solutions Pulmozyme(®) (Dornase alfa) and either Bramitob(®) or Tobi(®) (both containing Tobramycin) are physicochemically compatible and to analyze the aerodynamic parameters of these admixtures. After mixing, test solutions were stored at room temperature and under ambient light conditions over a period of 24 h. Tobramycin concentrations were determined by using a fluorescence immunoassay. Stability of dornase alfa was determined by size-exclusion high performance liquid chromatography, ultraviolet spectroscopy, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and tentacle strong cation-exc…
Lung fixation for the preservation of air spaces.
2004
The procedures for the fixation of entire lungs of small rodents are presented together with various techniques used to verify the structural integrity of the lung tissue. To achieve this, the lungs were dissected out from rats and mice killed by ether overdose. The specimens were rinsed with isotonic saline and fixation solution under low vacuum conditions. After fixation, they were dried using alcohol and stored in a noncollapsed state (i.e., state of inhalation). Light and scanning electron microscopy as well as magnetic resonance imaging using hyperpolarized 3He were employed to verify the intact state on interalveolar septa and walls of smaller bronchi as well as accessibility of the a…
Inhaler mishandling remains common in real life and is associated with reduced disease control
2011
SummaryProper inhaler technique is crucial for effective management of asthma and COPD. This multicentre, cross-sectional, observational study investigates the prevalence of inhaler mishandling in a large population of experienced patients referring to chest clinics; to analyze the variables associated with misuse and the relationship between inhaler handling and health-care resources use and disease control.We enrolled 1664 adult subjects (mean age 62 years) affected mostly by COPD (52%) and asthma (42%). Respectively, 843 and 1113 patients were using MDIs and DPIs at home; of the latter, the users of Aerolizer®, Diskus®, HandiHaler® and Turbuhaler® were 82, 467, 505 and 361.We have a tota…
Dose bridging data for mometasone furoate in once-daily fixed-dose inhaled combinations of mometasone furoate/indacaterol and mometasone furoate/ ind…
2021
Once-daily (o.d.) fixed-dose combinations of mometasone furoate/indacaterol acetate (MF/IND) and mometasone furoate/indacaterol acetate/glycopyrronium bromide (MF/IND/GLY), both delivered via the Breezhaler® device, are approved for the maintenance treatment of asthma. Across these fixed-dose combinations, while the doses of bronchodilators remain the same, the nominal doses of mometasone furoate in micrograms differ. This article presents the steps followed in bridging the mometasone furoate doses at the corresponding dose strengths in the mometasone furoate formulation delivered via the Twisthaler® and mometasone furoate/indacaterol acetate and mometasone furoate/indacaterol acetate/glyco…