Search results for "Innate"

FRI0152 Inflammasomes activation occurs in the inflamed tissues of as patients and drives il-23 expression

2018

Background A growing body of evidences indicate that the aberrant activation of innate immune systems, occurring in genetically predisposed patients, drives inflammatory processes in Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS).1 Objectives Aim of this study was to evaluate the activation and the functional relevance of inflammasome pathways in patients with AS. Methods Intestinal, synovial and bone marrow expression of inflammasome pathways, pyroptosis and IL-1b and IL-18 was evaluated in AS patients. Organic acid extraction was performed on ileal samples as previously described on.2 The expression of the metabolite-sensing receptors GPR43 and GPR109A involved in the regulation of the intestinal inflammaso…

Role of neuroinflammation in ethanol neurotoxicity

2019

Abstract Alcohol is a neurotoxic compound whose abuse can cause alterations in brain structure and functions, although these effects are more dramatic while the brain develops. The molecular mechanisms of neurotoxic effects of alcohol are complex and remain largely unknown. Current evidence from human and animal studies supports the role of the neuroimmune system in many actions of ethanol on the central nervous system, including neurotoxicity. Different studies have shown that, by activating innate immune receptors TLRs (Toll-like receptors) and (NOD)-like receptors (inflammasome NLRs) in glial cells, alcohol triggers signaling pathways which culminate in the production of pro-inflammatory…

The Genetics of Innate Immunity and Inflammation in Ageing, Age-Related Diseases and Longevity

2008

Inflammation is a key component of age-related diseases such as atherosclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and genes coding for inflammatory or anti-inflammatory molecules are, therefore, good candidates for influencing the risk of developing these pathologies. Findings discussed in this chapter suggest that different alleles of genes coding for pro-or anti-inflammatory genes may affect individual life-span expectancy by influencing the type and intensity of immune-inflammatory responses against environmental stressors involved in the development of age-related disease. Our immune system has evolved to control pathogens and so pro-inflammatory responses are likely to be evolutionarily pro…

Update of immune events in the murine contact hypersensitivity model: toward the understanding of allergic contact dermatitis.

2013

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is one of the most common skin diseases, consisting of sensitization and elicitation phases. With the advancement of technology and the discovery of new types of immune cells, our knowledge of the immunological mechanisms of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) as a murine model of ACD has expanded significantly in the past decade. For example, by introducing regulatory T cells, CD4(+) T-helper 17 cells, and Langerin-positive dermal dendritic cells, the initiation and termination mechanism of CHS has been revealed. In addition, the role of mast cells in CHS, long a matter of debate, has become apparent by developing conditional mast cell-deficient mice. Moreover,…

Network of Cells and Mediators of Innate and Adaptive Cutaneous Immunity

2017

The skin is a major surface organ that translates external signals from the environment into local and systemic immune responses. As such, it is also strongly involved in fighting against cutaneous pathogens transmitted by arthropod vectors to the host. By harboring various skin-resident as well as highly motile immune cells and unique molecules, the skin orchestrates resulting immune responses against pathogens. Only an understanding of the complexity of skin immunity will lead to a better assessment of vector-induced alterations of resulting antipathogen immunity.

The Fundamentals of T‐cell Lymphocyte Biology

2021

Human GITR Ligand Is Expressed on Tumor Cells and Reduces Cytokine Production and Cellular Cytotoxicity of NK Cells Identified to Express GITR.

2005

Abstract Members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily mediate multiple cellular functions including cellular proliferation, differentiation, and cell death. Human Glucocorticoid-induced TNF Receptor (GITR) has been shown to be expressed on T cells, is upregulated following activation and mediates costimulatory signals. The human GITR ligand (GITRL) has been reported to be expressed on antigen presenting cells and various healthy nonlymphoid tissues including small intestine, ovary, testis, kidney and endothelial cells. We analyzed multiple tumor cell lines of hematopoietic and epithelial origin as well as of germ cell lineage and various gliomas by RT-PCR and FACS analysis. Both G…

Microgravity-induced alterations in signal transduction in cells of the immune system

2010

Since decades it is known that the activity of cells of the immune system is severely dysregulated in microgravity, however, the underlying molecular aspects have not been elucidated yet. The identification of gravity-sensitive molecular mechanisms in cells of the immune system is an important and indispensable prerequisite for the development of counteractive measures to prevent or treat disturbed immune cell function of astronauts during long-term space missions. Moreover, their sensitivity to altered gravity renders immune cells an ideal model system to understand if and how gravity on Earth is required for normal mammalian cell function and signal transduction. We investigated the effec…

Physico-chimie des lipopolysaccharides et réponse inflammatoire : rôle des lipoprotéines

2014

LPS is a potent bacterial pro-inflammatory agent, consisting of hydrophilic, polysaccharide part and of a lipid A which is considered like active moiety. Nevertheless, the O chain of LPS influences their aggregation in aqueous media. Therefore, our goal has been to determine the role of O chain on the LPS biological and physiopathological effects. Our work was organized according to three main axes, and led to the following findings :- development of a new LPS assay by LC-MS/MS. The combination of this new technique with LAL test allowed us to calculate an inactivation ratio which reflects the ability of host organism to inactivate LPS, especially through their transfer to HDL by PLTP. The …

Localization of antimicrobial peptides in the tunic of Ciona intestinalis (Ascidiacea, Tunicata) and their involvement in local inflammatory-like rea…

2011

AbstractTunicates comprising a wide variety of different species synthesize antimicrobial peptides as important effector molecules of the innate immune system. Recently, two putative gene families coding for antimicrobial peptides were identified in the expressed sequence tag database of the tunicate Ciona intestinalis. Two synthetic peptides representing the cationic core region of one member of each of the families displayed potent antibacterial and antifungal activities. Moreover, the natural peptides were demonstrated to be synthesized and stored in distinct hemocyte types. Here, we investigated the presence of these natural peptides, namely Ci-MAM-A and Ci-PAP-A, in the tunic of C. int…