Search results for "Insulin"
showing 10 items of 1360 documents
Metabolic syndrome in hypertensive patients: An unholy alliance
2014
For many years, it has been recognized that hypertension tends to cluster with various anthropometric and metabolic abnormalities including abdominal obesity, elevated triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and hyperuricemia. This constellation of various conditions has been transformed from a pathophysiological concept to a clinical entity, which has been defined metabolic syndrome (MetS). The consequences of the MetS have been difficult to assess without commonly accepted criteria to diagnose it. For this reason, on 2009 the International Diabetes Federation, the American Heart Association and other scientific organizations pro…
Response to Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunction as a Link Between Insulin Resistance and Nocturnal Blood Pressure Elevation
2008
We welcome the interest that Perciaccante1 has shown in our research on the impact of obesity and insulin resistance in nocturnal blood pressure elevation in children and adolescents.2 We agree with his hypothesis that abnormal cardiovascular autonomic function is a potential link between insulin resistance …
Pterostilbene: Biomedical applications
2013
Resveratrol and its naturally dimethylated analog, pterostilbene, show similar biological activities. However, the higher in vivo bioavailability of pterostilbene represents a fundamental advantage. The main focus of this review is on biomedical applications of pterostilbene. The metabolism and pharmacokinetics of this stilbene in inflammatory dermatoses and photoprotection, cancer prevention and therapy, insulin sensitivity, blood glycemia and lipid levels, cardiovascular diseases, aging, and memory and cognition are addressed. Safety and toxicity, as well as recommendations for future research and biomedical uses, are discussed. This review includes comparisons between pterostilbene and o…
Elimination of Vitamin D Signaling Causes Increased Mortality in a Model of Overactivation of the Insulin Receptor: Role of Lipid Metabolism
2022
Vitamin D (VD) deficiency has been associated with cancer and diabetes. Insulin signaling through the insulin receptor (IR) stimulates cellular responses by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. PTEN is a tumor suppressor and a negative regulator of the pathway. Its absence enhances insulin signaling leading to hypoglycemia, a dangerous complication found after insulin overdose. We analyzed the effect of VD signaling in a model of overactivation of the IR. We generated inducible double KO (DKO) mice for the VD receptor (VDR) and PTEN. DKO mice showed severe hypoglycemia, lower total cholesterol and increased mortality. No macroscopic tumors were detected. Analysis of the glucose metabolism did n…
Incretins, Pregnancy, and Gestational Diabetes
2015
The number of pregnant women affected by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing among Caucasians, and East Asians. GDM also increases the risk for later advent of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and cardiovascular disease in both women and their offspring. The underlying mechanism of GDM is not fully elucidated. Incretins such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), have been suggested to have a role in maternal metabolism and weight as well as fetal growth. These hormones might be implicated in mechanisms that compensate for the increment in glycemia and insulin resistance seen during pregnancy, while other factors, such a…
GLP 1 receptor agonists, glycemic variability, oxidative stress and acute coronary syndrome
2020
Abstract Glycemic variability (GV) has been recently described as an independent cardiovascular risk factor in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Also, new findings suggest that GV plays an important role in the development of complications related to impaired glucose metabolism and oxidative stress. On the other hand, although treatment for diabetes can reduce HbA1c in a similar extent their effectiveness over GV can be radically different. Patients in the acute setting of a coronary syndrome should be strictly monitorized to maintain glucose within recommended values; avoiding values lower than 90 mg/dL (5 mmol/L) and higher than 180 mg/dL (10 mmol/L). Also, evidence suggests th…
GLP2: An underestimated signal for improving glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity
2016
Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP2) is a proglucagon-derived peptide produced by intestinal enteroendocrine L-cells and by a discrete population of neurons in the brainstem, which projects mainly to the hypothalamus. The main biological actions of GLP2 are related to the regulation of energy absorption and maintenance of mucosal morphology, function and integrity of the intestine; however, recent experimental data suggest that GLP2 exerts beneficial effects on glucose metabolism, especially in conditions related to increased uptake of energy, such as obesity, at least in the animal model. Indeed, mice lacking GLP2 receptor selectively in hypothalamic neurons that express proopiomelanocortin show…
Evaluation of B-cell secretion and peripheral insulin resistance during pregnancy and after delivery in gestational diabetes mellitus with obesity
1988
Nine pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were studied. Six normal pregnant women and six normal nonpregnant women were evaluated as control groups. All the women underwent oral glucose tolerance test and glucose clamp during the third trimester of pregnancy and two months after delivery. During OGTT, glucose, C-peptide and insulin plasma levels were determined. C-peptide and insulin values in the late phase of OGTT were higher during pregnancy than after delivery in both groups. In gestational diabetic women, the M-value in the second steady-state during glucose clamp was lower than in controls, both during pregnancy and after delivery. Nevertheless, in both groups the M…
Postnatal Overfeeding Causes Early Shifts in Gene Expression in the Heart and Long-Term Alterations in Cardiometabolic and Oxidative Parameters
2013
International audience; Background: Postnatal overfeeding (OF) in rodents induces a permanent moderate increase in body weight in adulthood. However, the repercussions of postnatal OF on cardiac gene expression, cardiac metabolism and nitro-oxidative stress are less well known. Methodology/Principal Findings: Immediately after birth, litters of C57BL/6 mice were either maintained at 10 (normal-fed group, NF), or reduced to 3 in order to induce OF. At weaning, mice of both groups received a standard diet. The cardiac gene expression profile was determined at weaning and cardiac metabolism and oxidative stress were assessed at 7 months. The cardiac expression of several genes, including membe…
The influence of different generations of computer algorithms on diabetes control
1990
With all control schedules, the management of diabetes is possible using Skyler's algorithm. In general, those control algorithms which do not allow the individual adaptation to changing conditions lead to overinsulinisation. So-called meal-related algorithms do usually minimise the fluctuations in blood sugar. The introduction of self-adapting algorithms, detecting peripheral insulin resistance, may further improve metabolic diabetes control.