Search results for "Intestine"
showing 10 items of 390 documents
Effects of the benzodiazepine receptor agonist midazolam and antagonist flumazenil on 5-hydroxytryptamine release from guinea-pig intestine in vitro
1990
Isolated segments of the guinea-pig small intestine and the guinea-pig stomach were vascularly perfused and the release of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid into the portal venous effluent determined by high pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Test substances were applied intraarterially. The benzodiazepine receptor agonist, midazolam, concentration-dependently increased (by 58%, at 1 nmol/l) and decreased (by 32%, at 100 nmol/l) the release of 5-HT from small intestine preparations. Both effects were blocked by the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil (10 nmol/l) The stimulatory effect of midazolam was also abolished in the presen…
Mind the gap—deficits in our knowledge of aspects impacting the bioavailability of phytochemicals and their metabolites—a position paper focusing on …
2015
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-NoDerivs Licence.-- et al.
Presystemic metabolism and intestinal absorption of antipsoriatic fumaric acid esters.
2003
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Its treatment is based on the inhibition of proliferation of epidermal cells and interference in the inflammatory process. A new systemic antipsoriasis drug, which consists of dimethylfumarate and ethylhydrogenfumarate in the form of their calcium, magnesium and zinc salts has been introduced in Europe with successful results. In the present study, a homologous series of mono- and diesters of fumaric acid has been studied with respect to the sites and kinetics of presystemic ester degradation using pancreas extract, intestinal perfusate, intestinal homogenate and liver S9 fraction. In addition, intestinal permeability has been determined usi…
Study of the potential toxicity of enniatins A, A(1), B, B(1) by evaluation of duodenal and colonic bioavailability applying an in vitro method by Ca…
2010
Abstract The bioavailability of the minor Fusarium mycotoxins enniatins (ENs) utilizing an in vitro method which allows the simulation of the small and large intestine tracts has been studied. This method, based on the application of the Caco-2 cells grown alone or in symbiosis with several strains characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract, has permitted to simulate the duodenal and colonic intestinal compartments, respectively. The duodenal bioavailability expressed as absorption value after 4 h of exposure, ranged from 57.7 to 76.8% for EN A, from 68.8 to 70.2% for EN A1, from 65.0 to 67.0% for EN B, and from 62.2 to 65.1% for EN B1. Colonic bioavailability after 48 h of incubation ra…
Gene transfer approaches for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
2003
The pathogenesis of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease, involves a complex interplay between certain genetic, environmental and immunological factors. Considerable research progress in the last decade defined key inflammatory pathways in the inflamed gut and identified new potential therapeutic targets. Since the current medical treatment with corticosteroids and anti-inflammatory drugs is often associated with undesired side effects and cannot completely cure IBD, these current advances in our understanding of intestinal pathology may now allow the development of new biologic treatment strategies including gene therapy. In this review,…
Co-factors, Microbes, and Immunogenetics in Celiac Disease to Guide Novel Approaches for Diagnosis and Treatment.
2021
Celiac disease (CeD) is a frequent immune-mediated disease that affects not only the small intestine but also many extraintestinal sites. The role of gluten proteins as dietary triggers, HLA-DQ2 or -DQ8 as major necessary genetic predisposition, and tissue transglutaminase (TG2) as mechanistically involved autoantigen, are unique features of CeD. Recent research implicates many cofactors working in synergism with these key triggers, including the intestinal microbiota and their metabolites, nongluten dietary triggers, intestinal barrier defects, novel immune cell phenotypes, and mediators and cytokines. In addition, apart from HLA-DQ2 and -DQ8, multiple and complex predisposing genetic fact…
Intestinal Microbiota and Celiac Disease: Cause, Consequence or Co-Evolution?
2015
It is widely recognized that the intestinal microbiota plays a role in the initiation and perpetuation of intestinal inflammation in numerous chronic conditions. Most studies report intestinal dysbiosis in celiac disease (CD) patients, untreated and treated with a gluten-free diet (GFD), compared to healthy controls. CD patients with gastrointestinal symptoms are also known to have a different microbiota compared to patients with dermatitis herpetiformis and controls, suggesting that the microbiota is involved in disease manifestation. Furthermore, a dysbiotic microbiota seems to be associated with persistent gastrointestinal symptoms in treated CD patients, suggesting its pathogenic implic…
Improved Survival in Liver Transplant Patients Receiving Prolonged-release Tacrolimus-based Immunosuppression in the European Liver Transplant Regist…
2019
BACKGROUND: We compared, through the European Liver Transplant Registry, long-term liver transplantation outcomes with prolonged-release tacrolimus (PR-T) versus immediate-release tacrolimus (IR-T)-based immunosuppression. This retrospective analysis comprises up to 8-year data collected between 2008 and 2016, in an extension of our previously published study. METHODS: Patients with <1 month follow-up were excluded; patients were propensity score matched for baseline characteristics. Efficacy measures included: univariate/multivariate analyses of risk factors influencing graft/patient survival up to 8 years posttransplantation, and graft/patient survival up to 4 years with PR-T versus IR-T.…
Reperfusionsschock nach okklusion der A. mesenterica superior und akkumulation von leukozyten innerhalb der d�nndarmwand
1996
Der Epithelschaden und die Leukozytenakkumulation in der Wand des Ileums nach Ischamie und Reperfusion wurden experimentell am Schwein untersucht. Die A. mesenterica superior wurde fur 1 h (Gruppe 2; n=9), 2 h (Gruppe 3; n=6) und 3 h (Gruppe 4; n=7) abgeklemmt und 2 h reperfundiert. Die histologische Beurteilung erfolgte an Hamatoxylin-Eosin- und NaphtolAS-D-Chlorazetatesterase-gefarbten Praparaten. Es entwickelte sich ein Reperfusionsschock in Abhangigkeit von der Ischamiedauer. Nach lstundiger Ischamie stabilisierte sich der Blutdruck mit erniedrigten Werten sowie einer Normalisierung des Serumlaktatspiegels und des intramuralen pHi des Dunndarms. Eine Verlangerung der Ischamie auf 2 h (G…
Expression of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in propagatable cell cultures and induction of micronuclei by 13 compounds
1990
Activities of various xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes were determined in 18 cell lines. Activities of cytochrome P450 reductase, microsomal epoxide hydrolase and glutathione transferase were detectable in all lines. The highest values were similar to the activities found in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. Catalase activity was also present in all 12 investigated cell lines. Activity of UDP-glucuronosyl transferase was high in some lines, but low or undetectable in others. Activity of cytosolic epoxide hydrolase was not measurable in most lines, and was low in the others. Metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene was observed in eight out of nine examined lines, no activity being found in V79 cells. V7…