Search results for "Iode"

A Compact SPICE Model for Organic TFTs and Applications to Logic Circuit Design

2016

This work introduces a compact DC model developed for organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) and its SPICE implementation. The model relies on a modified version of the gradual channel approximation that takes into account the contact effects, occurring at nonohmic metal/organic semiconductor junctions, modeling them as reverse biased Schottky diodes. The model also comprises channel length modulation and scalability of drain current with respect to channel length. To show the suitability of the model, we used it to design an inverter and a ring oscillator circuit. Furthermore, an experimental validation of the OTFTs has been done at the level of the single device as well as with a discrete-…

ChemInform Abstract: Luminescent Ionic Transition Metal Complexes for Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells

2012

Higher efficiency in the end-use of energy requires substantial progress in lighting concepts. All the technologies under development are based on solid-state electroluminescent materials and belong to the general area of solid-state lighting (SSL). The two main technologies being developed in SSL are light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), but in recent years, light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) have emerged as an alternative option. The luminescent materials in LECs are either luminescent polymers together with ionic salts or ionic species, such as ionic transition-metal complexes (iTMCs). Cyclometalated complexes of IrIII are by far the most utiliz…

ChemInform Abstract: Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Light-Emitting Diodes

2011

The demonstration of colour tunability and high efficiency has brought organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) into the displays and lighting market. However, high production costs due to expensive deposition techniques and the use of reactive materials still limit their market entry, highlighting the need for novel concepts. This has driven the research towards the integration of both organic and inorganic materials into devices that benefit from their respective peculiar properties. The most representative example of this tendency is the application of metal oxides in organic optoelectronics. Metal oxides combine properties such as high transparency, good electrical conductivities, tuneable…

Preliminary studies on the use of Trichoderma sp. in the process of decomposition of biodegradable packaging

2015

Important Aspects of Biowastes Collection and Composting in Nigeria

2002

Many of the areas that generate organic waste that could be biotreated are inaccessible for collection because of the lack of accessible roads, poverty of the residents and general neglect of such places by the government authorities. In Lagos in 1999 it was observed that trucks collecting wastes cannot get into 40% of the inner part of the municipalities because the roads are too narrow or blocked by illegal structures. So one-third of the population received no refuse collection service. There is very little knowledge about the treatment of biowaste and the activities are very low. The laws and regulations governing the management of waste, in general, are weak and inefficient. An importa…

Real-time measurements of Volcanic Gases based by Infrared Spectroscopy

2014

Near-infrared Tunable Diode Lasers have recently found increased usage in atmospheric chemistry and air monitoring research, but applications in Volcanology are still limited to a few examples. The Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy technique (TDLS) relies on measuring the absorbance at specific wavelengths due to the absorption of IR radiation by a target gas. Here, we report on the application of the GasFinder 2.0, a commercial infrared laser-receiver unit operating in the 1.3-1.7 m wavelength range, to measuring CO2 concentrations and fluxes in volcanic gas emissions. Our field tests were conducted at Campi Flegrei volcano (near Pozzuoli, Southern Italy), where the GasFinder was used (duri…

Frequency-modulation spectroscopy with blue diode lasers

2000

Frequency-modulation spectroscopy provides ultrasensitive absorption measurements. The technique is especially adaptable to diode lasers, which can be modulated easily, and has been used extensively in the near-infrared and infrared spectral regions. The availability of blue diode lasers now means that the accessible wavelength region can be increased. We successfully demonstrate wavelength-modulation spectroscopy and two-tone frequency-modulation spectroscopy for the weak second resonance line of potassium at 404.8 nm and for the transition at 405.8 nm in lead, starting from the thermally populated 6p(2) P-3(2) metastable level, information on the modulation parameters is obtained with a f…

Subpicosecond Laser Spectroscopy of Blue-Light-Induced Absorption in KNbO3 and LiNbO3

2000

Pulses of 427-nm light from am amplified Ti:sapphire frequency-doubled laser are absorbed in two-photon band-gap excitations of KNbO3 and LiNbO3. Induced absorption spectra measured in the visible and recently extended in the infrared have been recorded as a function of delay from 0 to 250 ps after two-photon blue excitation. Samples include stoichiometric as well as congruent LiNbO3. Comparison is made to transient absorption in the nanosecond and longer time range induced by electron pulses of~10 ns width and 270 keV energy. Parts of the absorption can be attributed to bound and free polarons, including the intrinsic electron polaron.

Violet Diode Laser in Time-Resolved Stored-Ion Spectroscopy

2004

Lifetime measurements of the metastable 3d D-2(3/2) level in singly charged calcium were performed using the newly developed violet diode laser operated in an external cavity arrangement. The laser was employed on stored ions at the CRYRING facility to optically pump the resonance line at 397 nm. In combination with laser probing at 866 nm this detection scheme gave the possibility to record the lifetime of this level. which has a radiative lifetime of about 1 s.

Les traductions latines de textes hagiographiques byzantins de la période médio-byzantine

2019

The present article attempts to record and present as much as possible the Latin translations of hagiographical texts during the Middle Byzantine period. The texts are first approached from a literary point of view, then a historical presentation is attempted, referring to their possible functional use in the traditions of the two churches, Constantinople and Rome.