Search results for "Justice"
showing 10 items of 1379 documents
Ethical Considerations in Crowdfunding
2020
AbstractThe current chapter addresses ethical issues in crowdfunding practice from a multiple stakeholder perspective. It draws on ethical principles outlined in both classical and business-specific approaches. The discussion first presents classical approaches to ethical decision making. It then discusses whether crowdfunding presents an ethical solution or a source of ethical problems. Later, it suggests a framework presenting a classification of potential ethical dilemmas and pitfalls in crowdfunding practice, as well as potential means for addressing them. The discussion concludes with concrete implications for crowdfunding ethics research and practice.
Project DyAdd: Non-linguistic Theories of Dyslexia Predict Intelligence
2020
Two themes have puzzled the research on developmental and learning disorders for decades. First, some of the risk and protective factors behind developmental challenges are suggested to be shared and some are suggested to be specific for a given condition. Second, language-based learning difficulties like dyslexia are suggested to result from or correlate with non-linguistic aspects of information processing as well. In the current study, we investigated how adults with developmental dyslexia or ADHD as well as healthy controls cluster across various dimensions designed to tap the prominent non-linguistic theories of dyslexia. Participants were 18–55-year-old adults with dyslexia (n = 36), …
An active inference and epistemic value view of metacognition
2015
Metacognition concerns our monitoring and control of mental operations (knowing what you know). Much thinking about metacognition is liable to fall foul of the classic homunculus problem: Nobody can specify who or what does the "metacognition." We describe how the Active Inference and Epistemic Value (AIEV) model offers an operationalization of epistemic behaviors which can explain two example metacognitive phenomena: Control and monitoring of word learning, and the search for unretrieved information in the feeling of knowing. Curiosity drives a search forward, but it is held in check by considering the utility of what is retrieved from memory.
Survival Value and a Robust, Practical, Joyless Individualism: Thomas Nixon Carver, Social Justice, and Eugenics
2017
The aim of this paper is to provide a compressive assessment of Thomas Nixon Carver's thought—from his early formative years in the 1880s to his post WWII career as a journalist and pamphleteer. The main (albeit not exclusive) focus of this paper will be on the theoretical and philosophical coordinates of Carver's “new liberalism”—his own definition—and how this broad vision was intrinsically connected with an explicitly hierarchical and eugenic approach to human nature. Just as important, what follows is also an attempt to increase our general understanding of the extent in which eugenic considerations permeated the realm of political economy during the first decades of the last century an…
Social Justice and Financial Capitalism: Some Notions on Risks, Hierarchies, and Value
2018
The recurring financial crises and intensive financialisation force a reconsideration of theories of justice. This article analyses financial capitalism as an ideal-type. In ideal-typical financial capitalism, risks and positions of vulnerability take a pronounced role in the determination of social positions. Risks also come in a specific ontological form. Further, the analysis extends to the production of value in financial capitalism and its relation to a particular logic of determining social positions. The article discusses, how should theories of justice be updated to accommodate this particular ontology of risks. This requires also making a distinction between explicit and implicit p…
Much ado about nothing? The intendant, the gentilshommes and the investigations into nobility in Burgundy (1664-1670)
2008
In 1664 Louis XIV did not spare the Burgundian nobles where furnishing proof of their entitlement to nobility was concerned. His quest for usurpers, which occurred throughout the French kingdom, generated severe misgivings among the gentilshommes, those nobles who had the right to sit in the provincial estates and feared that members of their Chambre would suffer pointless harassment. However, the process was conducted in an unexpectedly lenient manner, demonstrating that royal authority—through its local representative, the intendant Claude Bouchu—could be employed in a conciliatory fashion. The monarchical system, negotiated as much as imposed, should be understood within the framework of…
Development of the Happiness Index in a country
2016
[EN] In this paper, a Happiness Index is built through the Human Dignity Respect Index which is explained by Author (2014). The index is created using three main values: development, freedom and equality. But the equality is explained by solidarity, justice and peace. Then, the Happiness Index is developed with this five concepts. The aim of this paper is to obtain the minimum quantitative variables to explain these values as well as to obtain a generic formula, which allows measuring the happiness of a country/region. The term “generic” is introduced because this formula could be extrapolated to any country. The variables to obtain the Development Index are health (Life Expectancy at birth…
Understanding franchisee performance : The role of the franchisee’s autonomy, affective commitment to the network and innovativeness
2018
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of participative franchising on performance from the franchisee perspective. In particular, the paper analyses the impact of the franchisee autonomy – in human resource management and marketing decisions – affective commitment to the network and network innovativeness on the franchisee relative performance. Design/methodology/approach A survey answered by 226 franchisees in France allowed to estimate a structural equations model through partial least squares regression analysis to test the hypothesised relations between autonomy, affective commitment, innovativeness and performance. Findings According to the authors’ findings, …
Organizational and Individual Values: Their Main and Combined Effects on Work Attitudes and Perceptions
1999
A survey was conducted using a convenient sample of employees (N = 999) from various industries to examine the main and combined effects of organizational and individual values on organizational commitment, perceived organizational support, and procedural justice. Moderated multiple regression analyses showed that employees' reactions were mainly explained by perceived organizational values and value preferences. In contrast, person-organization value fit and interaction effects were marginal. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Mapping and assessing ecosystem services in the EU:Lessons learned from the ESMERALDA approach of integration
2018
The European Union (EU) Horizon 2020 Coordination and Support Action ESMERALDA aimed at developing guidance and a flexible methodology for Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services (MAES) to support the EU member states in the implementation of the EU Biodiversity Strategy's Target 2 Action 5. ESMERALDA's key tasks included network creation, stakeholder engagement, enhancing ecosystem services mapping and assessment methods across various spatial scales and value domains, work in case studies and support of EU member states in MAES implementation. Thus ESMERALDA aimed at integrating various project outcomes around four major strands: i) Networking, ii) Policy, iii) Research an…