Search results for "LABOUR"
showing 10 items of 655 documents
The Determinants of Delayed Entrance into the Academic Career : The Case of France
2008
08009 - 15 p.; The recruitment of young PhD graduates in the academic sector is linked to a strong uncertainty on their potential teaching and research productivity. When giving tenureto a PhD graduate, employers -universities or research institutions in France- attempt to reduce the asymmetric information on the research abilities of the applicant. However, because of the nature of the scientific work and the way it is rewarded, it is difficult to assessthe absolute value of much of the work of PhD graduates in the short term. So, in order to recruit the best PhD graduates for permanent jobs, public employers select from the signals sent by the applicant in their curriculum vitae. Our pape…
Why Grandes Écoles are so valued?
2009
09033; This contribution was aimed at examining if the privileged position of Grandes Écoles on the French labour market could be linked to training and, in particular, knowledge acquired in these courses. The REFLEX survey data allows to test this hypothesis for a sample of French graduates from Grandes Écoles and University master programmes. Our results show that actually some useful skills on the labour market are more easily acquired in Grandes Écoles. This is the case in particular of 'analytical thinking' or 'ability to command a foreign language', domains on which Grandes Écoles have heavily focused their curriculum in the 1990s. We show however that the competencies acquisition pro…
NEETs' labour market transitions in France over the economic crisis
2017
International audience; In 2015, no less than 15 per cent of young people aged 15-29 in France were Not in Employment, Education or Training (so-called "NEETs"). This young population is believed to be a homogeneously vulnerable group, risking detrimental long-term socioeconomic marginalization. NEETs represent one of challenging age groups with regard to the level of labour market participation. NEETs are an essential problem with huge economic and social costs. Despite these immediate concerns, the theoretical understanding of NEETs is still limited. Little is known about whether NEET is a transitory or long-lasting period, about differences in the timing (age) of becoming NEET (15-19, 20…
Housekeepers lost in the Land of Labor Market Segmentation
2007
07022 - 13 p.; This communication analyses the role that the main social actors, employers, trade unions and the French government play in labour market regulations, especially in working conditions, for feminine low wage workers. Labor market segmentation and the dual market theory (Doeringer and Piore, 1971), with on one hand qualified workers employed in attractive and stable positions, and on the other hand manpower in low-paid and insecure jobs, often in back-breaking working conditions, are not new. However, they have recently reappeared in the situation of housekeepers in the French hotel industry, where there are particularly few chances of career ladders, and on the contrary, there…
Wpływ zasady uprzywilejowania pracownika na zakres swobody umów stron stosunku pracy w literaturze i orzecznictwie
2022
Celem artykułu jest określenie wpływu zasady uprzywilejowania pracownika na swobodę kształtowania przez strony stosunku pracy postanowień umów o pracę oraz umów dodatkowych. W artykule zostały przedstawione argumenty uzasadniające tezę, zgodnie z którą mechanizm przewidziany w art. 18 § 2 kodeksu pracy może znaleźć zastosowanie wyłącznie do postanowień umów o pracę, nie obejmuje natomiast swym zakresem nazwanych i nienazwanych umów dodatkowych zawieranych przez strony stosunku pracy. Jednak o nadaniu określonej klauzuli statusu postanowienia umowy o pracę należy rozstrzygać w oparciu o jej treść, a nie umiejscowienie. Za kryterium oceny postanowień umów o pracę w świetle art. 18 k.p. należy…
Los stages franceses. Tres claves para mejorar las prácticas para el empleo de los jóvenes en España
2016
El trabajo analiza, desde una perspectiva de Derecho comparado, los stages franceses o estancias de formación, que, en su acepción más estricta, son períodos de prácticas en empresas en educación universitaria. El Derecho francés mediante sucesivas reformas ha creado un estatuto de los stagiaires mediante el reconocimiento de una serie de derechos. Entre las idiosincrasias del Derecho francés, se instituye un derecho de gratificación cuando la duración es al menos de 2 meses y se limita la duración máxima del tiempo de prácticas aplicando los mismos topes de jornada de los trabajadores. El ordenamiento galo introduce limitaciones para evitar el uso desviado de estas prácticas no laborales c…
Toward Value Co-Creation: Increasing Women’s Presence in Management Positions through Competition against a Set Target
2017
Despite empirical evidence that women’s presence in management positions is a source of value co-creation for firms, these positions are still male-dominated. Some evidence from experimental economics suggests that one reason for this imbalance is that women shy away from competition. However, most of these studies have focused on competition systems that pit individuals against each other. We present an economic laboratory experiment that compares competition against others with competition against a set target. The crucial difference is that whereas the former involves competing against opponents, the latter does not. Our results show that significantly more women are willing to compete a…
Essays on Employment and Unemployment Transitions
2015
The Great Recession has led to important adjustments in the labour market of most developed countries and has dramatically affected the labour market in Spain. According to the Labour Force Survey, the Spanish unemployment rate has increased drastically from 8.5% in 2006 to 25% in 2012 (see the figure). In order to understand the unemployment rate it is important to consider both entry into and exit out of unemployment. This thesis addresses relevant questions for policymakers in line with the objectives of the Europe 2020 strategy. How does the Great Recession affect the patterns and determinants of durations of unemployment and new job matches? How did gender differences in labour market …
Essays on labour market institutions and macroeconomic dynamics
2019
Labour market reforms play an important role in the public debate and policy recommendations. This thesis aims to find evidence on how labour market institutions are related to economic dynamics and adjustment. The thesis contains an introductory chapter and three essays. The first essay uses data of OECD countries to study whether differences in labour market institutions explain the differences in business cycle dynamics across OECD countries. The second and third essays use theoretical models to study centralized wage-setting and wage-setting coordination. The results of the first essay suggest that labour market institution variables have explanatory power for the heterogeneity in the v…