Search results for "LIPID"

The prevalence of the obesity in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis in Sicily populations

2010

Islet beta-cell apoptosis triggered in vivo by interleukin-1beta is not related to the inducible nitric oxide synthase pathway: evidence for mitochon…

2003

IL-1beta is recognized as an effector cytokine contributing to islet beta-cell destruction during diabetes. We have previously shown in vitro that IL-1beta induces nitric oxide (NO) and beta-cell damage. Here, we show that IL-1beta administration in vivo to Wistar rats transiently increases manganese superoxide dismutase activity, whereas inducible NO synthase is not detected, and the levels of nitrate+nitrate do not change. Moreover, a significant decrease of mitochondrial aconitase, leading to a rise of hydroperoxides, and islet beta-cell apoptosis, involving caspase-3 and -8, is observed. Analysis of adhesion molecules in beta-cells showed that intercellular adhesion molecule-1 is highly…

Oxidative tissue damage after phacoemulsification: influence of ophthalmic viscosurgical devices.

2003

To quantify the oxidative tissue damage after phacoemulsification, correlate the damage to the energy applied, and investigate the influence of ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs).Department of Ophthalmology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.The study comprised 130 eyes operated on by 1 surgeon using the same phacoemulsification machine. Some eyes received an OVD before phacoemulsification and some did not. Energy values were expressed as phaco time; that is, ultrasound (US) time (seconds) after conversion to 100% phaco power. Patients were grouped as follows: Group 1, phaco time less than 20 seconds and no OVD; Group 2, phaco time 20 to 40 seconds and no OVD; Group 3, phaco time mor…

Increased Phospholipid Transfer Protein Activity Is Associated With Markers of Enhanced Lipopolysaccharide Clearance in Human During Cardiopulmonary …

2021

Introduction: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a component of gram-negative bacteria, known for its ability to trigger inflammation. The main pathway of LPS clearance is the reverse lipopolysaccharide transport (RLT), with phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) and lipoproteins playing central roles in this process in experimental animal models. To date, the relevance of this pathway has never been studied in humans. Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass is known to favor LPS digestive translocation. Our objective was to determine whether pre-operative PLTP activity and triglyceride or cholesterol-rich lipoprotein concentrations were associated to LPS concentrations in patients undergoing ca…

Guinea pig Kupffer cells can be activated in vitro to an enhanced superoxide response

1988

Summary In the preceding paper it was shown that Kupffer cells isolated by digestion of the liver and purified by centrifugal elutriation can be activated in vitro by lipopolysaccharide and muramyl dipeptide to an enhanced superoxide response upon zymosan phagocytosis. Lipopolysaccharide and muramyl dipeptide also led to a strongly increased prostaglandin E 2 release during the phagocytosis of zymosan. This activation was accompanied by an increased production of prostaglandin E 2 during the incubation with the stimuli. Prostaglandin E 2 synthesis was inhibited by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, reduced by dexamethasone, but only slightly decreased by the lipoxygenase inhibitor n…

Initiation and progression of atherosclerosis – enzymatic or oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein?

2006

AbstractAtherosclerosis is widely regarded as a chronic inflammatory disease that develops as a consequence of entrapment of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the arterial intima. Native LDL lacks inflammatory properties, so the lipoprotein must undergo biochemical alterations to become atherogenic. Among several other candidates, two different concepts of lipoprotein modification are propagated, the widespread oxidation hypothesis and the less common E-LDL hypothesis, which proposes that modification of LDL occurs through the action of ubiquitous hydrolytic enzymes (enzymatically modified LDL or E-LDL) rather than oxidation. By clearly distinguishing between the initiation and progression o…

Lipoprotein abnormalities in chronic kidney disease and renal transplantation

2021

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite the kidney having no direct implications for lipoproteins metabolism, advanced CKD dyslipidemia is usually present in patients with CKD, and the frequent lipid and lipoprotein alterations occurring in these patients play a role of primary importance in the development of CVD. Although hypertriglyceridemia is the main disorder, a number of lipoprotein abnormalities occur in these patients. Different enzymes pathways and proteins involved in lipoprotein metabolism are impaired in CKD. In addition, treatment of uremia may modify the expression of lipoprotein pattern as well as deter…

Adipokines and Lipoproteins: Modulation by Antihyperglycemic and Hypolipidemic Agents

2014

Abstract Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that secretes a number of hormones and metabolically active substances that impact energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity. These inflammatory markers are collectively referred to as adipocytokines, or adipokines. Adipose tissue's functional capacity and metabolic activity vary among individuals, thus partly explaining the incomplete overlap between obesity and the metabolic syndrome. The functional failure of adipose tissues results in changed energy delivery and impaired glucose consumption, triggering self-regulatory mechanisms to maintain homeostasis. Antihyperglycemic, hypolipidemic, antiobesity, and angiotensin II receptor blocker drugs …

Type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and vascular risk: rationale and evidence for correcting the lipid imbalance.

2004

Type 2 diabetes is an important cardiovascular risk factor. A significant component of the risk associated with type 2 diabetes is thought to be because of its characteristic lipid "triad" profile of raised small dense low-density lipoprotein levels, lowered high-density lipoprotein, and elevated triglycerides (TGs). Trials of statins and fibrates have included substantial numbers of patients with diabetes and indicate that lipid lowering reduces cardiovascular event rates in these patients. However, statins alone do not always address all the lipid abnormalities of diabetes. Fibrates, which have low affinity for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), improve most asp…

Therapy with non-invasive ventilation in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: effects on atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype.

2009

Patients with obstructive sleep apnoea are at increased risk of atherosclerotic morbidity and mortality. Abnormalities in lipid metabolism that occur in response to chronic intermittent hypoxia in patients with sleep-disordered breathing may increase the cardiovascular risk in an already susceptible population. Atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype and small, dense LDL have an independent predictive role for future cardio- and cerebro-vascular events in patients with the metabolic syndrome. Therefore, testing the hypothesis that therapy of obstructive sleep apnoea may reduce atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype might have significant clinical implications. We suggest that abolition of obstructive …