Search results for "LIPIDE"
showing 10 items of 532 documents
Lipid and homeostatic alterations in nervous tissues associated with aging and metabolic dysregulations: implication of gut microbiota and autophagy
2020
The retina and the brain are two nervous tissues rich in lipids. Aging and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with functional and physiological alterations of these tissues as well as modifications in the composition of the gut microbiota. The global objective of this thesis work is to understand the lipid and homeostatic alterations in aging and MetS contexts in the retina and the brain. In a first study, we evaluated the impact of the modifications in the composition of the gut microbiota associated with aging on the lipid/fatty acid contents of the liver and the brain (cortex). We showed that colonization of germ-free mice with the gut microbiota of old mice modulated the hepatic e…
Liraglutide reduces postprandial hyperlipidaemia by increasing apoB48 catabolism and by reducing apoB48 production
2016
IF 6.080; International audience
Etude des facteurs nutritionnels et métaboliques de la cancérogenèse hépatique chez des patients atteints de cirrhose
2019
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is worldwide the 5th most common diagnosed cancer in men and the 7th in women and the 4th cause of cancer death with a median survival between 10 and 11 months. The incidence rate in France is relatively high (7.8/100 000 with 10 624 estimated new cases in 2018). HCC prognosis is very poor due to the difficulty to diagnose it at an early stage. Around 80% of HCC occur in the setting of cirrhosis, mainly caused by alcoholism, chronic infections with HBV and HCV or metabolic syndrome. Cirrhotic patients have a high-risk to develop chronic inflammation or other liver complications that can progress toward cancer. Thus, it is important to identify the risk factors…
Study of mechanisms of action of an immunotherapy by triacyl lipid A in humans
2013
Immunotherapy acting at the primary tumor site and preventing the development of metastases is one of the strategies for treatment of patients with cancer. To improve the efficiency of the latter, it is necessary to understand how it induces tumor cell death. In the laboratory, it was observed the cure of PROb tumors in rats BDIX by the triacyl lipid A. It has been shown that this effect involved the immune system involving interactions with TLRs present in many tumor cells and innate immunity cells such as neutrophils.In this work, we investigated the possible involvement of neutrophils in the antitumor activity of triacyl lipid A in humans.In a Phase 1 study in patients with refractory so…
Etude des mécanismes d'action d'une immunothérapie par un lipide A, seul ou associé à l'oxaliplatine, dans des modèles de cancers coliques
2013
Colorectal cancer is a major public health concern in France. Resistance to standard chemotherapy requires development of novel therapeutic approaches. In the past decades, our team showed the immunotherapeutic properties of lipid A in a model of colon cancer in rats. 95% of rats bearing small carcinomas were cured following treatment by lipid A. The study of mechanisms underlying this immunotherapy allowed us to show that the antitumor effect of lipid A was dependent on cytotoxicity induced by granzyme B produced by intratumoral neutrophils. Indeed, we have shown that, in the tumor microenvironment, neutrophils produced granzyme B and had a pro-tumorigenic N2 phenotype. When rats were trea…
Participation of nutritional and environmental factors in aging of the retina and age-related retinopathies
2012
With advanced age, aging of the human retina can evolve into pathological forms, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or diabetic retinopathy (DR). Meanwhile, epidemiological studies suggest that a diet rich in long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) such as EPA and DHA, potentially protects against the development of AMD and insulin resistance, the main risk factor for DR. Within this context, our research objectives were to assess: 1 - the impact of endogen and environmental factors, known to trigger oxidative stress, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) or insulin resistance, on the function and aging of the retina, and 2 - the response of the retina to a omega-3 LC-…
Polyunsaturated fatty acids and plasmalogens in diabetics
2013
PurposePlasmalogens are phospholipids characterized by a vinyl ether bond and a preferential esterification of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). We have previously shown that the lack of plasmalogens leads to retinal hyper-capillarization. We hypothesize that plasmalogens are negative regulators of vascular development, and aimed to check their circulating levels in diabetic patients with a retinopathy. MethodsBlood samples were collected from 88 patients and 14 control subjects. Among diabetics we had 14 patients without diabetic retinopathy (DR), 12 with a mild non proliferative DR, 12 with a moderate non proliferative DR, 22 with a severe non proliferative DR and 24 with a proliferativ…
Rétine et lipides : de l'analyse à la physiopathologie
2016
Revue; Rétine et lipides : de l'analyse à la physiopathologie. Colloque du Collège National de Biochimie-Biologie Moléculaire Médicale (CNBBMM)
Role of intestinal epithelial CD36 in obesity and endotoxemia driven by lipid absorption
2021
Intestinal dysbiosis, increased permeability and inflammation are the hallmarks in obese patients, highlighting the role of small intestine beyond providing with calories. CD36 is a ubiquitous scavenger receptor that exhibits high binding affinity for long-chain fatty acids and is highly expressed in enterocytes, endothelial and immune cells. Interestingly, CD36-/- mice and humans with CD36 polymorphisms have an impaired synthesis of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL). To evaluate the role of CD36 expressed by intestinal-epithelial cells (IEC) in obesity, we conducted experiments on male and female mice deleted in CD36 in IEC (ENT-KO) and control mice (ENT-FL), under standard and high-fat …
New insights into the pharmacology of the short-chain free fatty acid receptors 2 and 3
2011
Metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, dyslipidemia or obesity, are more and more weighing on public health expenses in developed countries. Despite active research, these widespread diseases remain difficult to handle. Promising new therapeutic strategies against metabolic diseases include the development of drugs targeting the free fatty acid receptors, as key players in metabolism homeostasis. In this context, the current PhD thesis focuses on the study of two G protein-coupled receptors, namely the short-chain free fatty acid receptors 2 (FFA2) and 3 (FFA3). First, we investigated the expression of the two receptors of interest in a variety of cell types. Then, in order to study the phar…