Search results for "LIPIDS"
showing 10 items of 2228 documents
Adenine nucleotide metabolism during anoxia and postanoxic recovery in insects
1996
Severe hypoxia (anoxia), if maintained for more than a few minutes, causes irreversible damage in humans and other mammals. Why mammals are so vulnerable to anoxia is not fully understood. It is therefore of interest to study animals that are more tolerant of anoxia in order to identify physiological and metabolic properties that are correlated with a high tolerance of anoxia. Insects have high metabolic rates and their energy metabolism is dependent on aerobic ATP production. In insects, as in mammals, anoxia causes a rapid breakdown of physiological function, resulting in a state similar to rigor mortis. This is accompanied by a precipitous decrease in metabolic rate. In contrast to mamma…
Capsaicin desensitization in vivo is inhibited by ruthenium red.
1990
The effect of systemic administration of Ruthenium Red on the excitatory and desensitizing effect of capsaicin was investigated in rats. Ruthenium Red was injected s.c. 30 min before capsaicin was administered. The excitatory effect of capsaicin on corneal, perivascular and visceral afferents was not influenced by treatment with Ruthenium Red. However, determination of the neuropeptide content and evoked neuropeptide release in peripheral organs and dorsal spinal cord 48 h after treatment showed that Ruthenium Red attenuated the 'desensitizing' effect of capsaicin at peripheral, but not at central, endings of primary afferents. On the other hand, a capsaicin-elicited autonomic reflex mediat…
MONENSIN ENHANCES DIGOXIN-INDUCED ARRHYTHMIAS IN GUINEA-PIGS
1993
Effects of pretreatment with monensin (150 ug/kg), atenolol (0.3 mg/kg), atenolol plus monensin, verapamil (0.38 mg/kg), verapamil plus monensin, glibenclamide(0.38 mg/kg) and glibenclamide plus monensin on the dose of digoxin required to induce premature ventricular contractions (PVCS) in anaesthetized guinea-pigs were studied. Monensin reduced while atenolol increased the dose of digoxin required to produce PVCS. Atenolol plus monensin increased the dose of digoxin required to produce PVCS in presence of monensin alone. Verapamil reduces the arrhythmogenic effect of monensin on digoxin. Glibenclamide antagonises the effect of monensin on digoxin induced PVCS. From the present data it coul…
Synthese und pharmakologische Wirkung von carbocyclischen Muskarinanalogen
1974
Als carbocyclische Muskarinanaloga wurden das (3-Hydroxycyclopentylmethyl)trimethyl-ammonium-jodid und dessen Acetat dargestellt und am isolierten Ileum des Meerschweinchens untersucht. Synthesis and Pharmacological Activity of Carbocyclic Analogs of Muscarine As carbocyclic analogs of muscarine (3-hydroxycyclopentylmethyl)trimethylammonium iodide and (3-acetoxycyclopentylmethyl)trimethylammonium iodide were synthesized and tested on the isolated guinea pig ileum.
Stereoselective glycosylation of Alcohols and Silyl Ethers Using Glycosyl Fluorides and Boron Trifluoride Etherate
1985
The stereoselective glycosylation of alcohols and their silyl ethers has been achieved using O-alkyl-, O-acyl-, and acetal-protected glycosyl fluorides of the pyranose and furanose series and boron trifluoride etherate in CH2Cl2.
Removal of hexavalent chromium from wastewaters by bone charcoal
1999
The adsorption of hexavalent chromium onto bone charcoal was studied as a function of time, amount of charcoal, pH, concentration of chromium and sample volume. The cross interference with other elements was also investigated. Tests were carried out with solutions of chromium(VI) at concentrations between 5 and 25 mg · L–1. Chromium removal efficiencies higher than 90% were achieved at pH = 1 using 2 g of bone charcoal and a stirring time in the order of 30 min. Acid and alkaline pretreatments of bone charcoal did not improve the sorption capacity of bone charcoal against Cr(VI). The presence of other ions had practically no influence on the chromium removal. The presence of a matrix of tan…
Loss of rod sensitivity and gene expression changes in the retina of fructose-fed insulin-resistant mice
2012
Purpose: Metabolic syndrome is of major concern in Western countries since it predisposes individuals to the development of diabetes. Insulin resistance is one of the biochemical features of the metabolic syndrome. Fructose feeding has been used to elicit insulin resistance in rodents. Our purpose was to characterize the functional and gene expression changes in the retina after long term feeding mice with a fructose-enriched diet.Methods: Control and ApoB100,LDLR-/- mice, a murine model of aging of the human retina, were fed with a 60%-rich fructose diet for 8 months. Scotopic single flash and Flicker electroretinograms were recorded to monitor the response of the retina to flash stimuli. …
Sphingomyelin induces structural alteration in canine parvovirus capsid
2008
One of the essential steps in canine parvovirus (CPV) infection, the release from endosomal vesicles, is dominated by interactions between the virus capsid and the endosomal membranes. In this study, the effect of sphingomyelin and phosphatidyl serine on canine parvovirus capsid and on the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity of CPV VP1 unique N-terminus was analyzed. Accordingly, a significant (P ≤ 0.05) shift of tryptophan fluorescence emission peak was detected at pH 5.5 in the presence of sphingomyelin, whereas at pH 7.4 a similar but minor shift was observed. This effect may relate to the exposure of VP1 N-terminus in acidic pH as well as to interactions between sphingomyelin and CPV. When…
Disturbances in cholesterol, bile acid and glucose metabolism in peroxisomal 3-ketoacylCoA thiolase B deficient mice fed diets containing high or low…
2014
SPE IPM UB; International audience; : The peroxisomal 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase B (ThB) catalyzes the thiolytic cleavage of straight chain 3-ketoacyl-CoAs. Up to now, the ability of ThB to interfere with lipid metabolism was studied in mice fed a routinely laboratory chow enriched or not with the synthetic agonist Wy14,643, a pharmacological activator of the nuclear hormone receptor PPARα. The aim of the present study was therefore to determine whether ThB could play a role in obesity and lipid metabolism when mice are chronically fed a synthetic High Fat Diet (HFD) or a Low Fat Diet (LFD) as a control diet. To investigate this possibility, wild-type (WT) mice and mice deficient for Thb (Thb(…
Role of Nutraceuticals in Hypolipidemic Therapy.
2015
Nutraceuticals are food components or active ingredients present in foods and used in therapy. This article analyzes the characteristics of the molecules with a lipid-lowering effect. The different nutraceuticals may have different mechanisms of action: inhibition of cholesterol synthesis primarily through action on the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase (policosanol, polyphenols, garlic and, above all, red yeast rice), increase in LDL receptor activity (berberine), reduction of intestinal cholesterol absorption (garlic, plant sterols, probiotics), and also the ability to interfere with bile metabolism (probiotics, guggul). Based on the different mechanisms of action, some nutraceuticals are then abl…