Search results for "Laundering"
showing 10 items of 29 documents
Exploring the “Cozy Cabal of Academics, Dealers and Collectors” through the Schøyen Collection
2020
In the wake of the trade in ancient materials, several ethical and political issues arise that merit concern: The decimation of the cultural heritage of war-torn countries, proliferation of corruption, ideological connotations of orientalism, financial support of terrorism, and participation in networks involved in money laundering, weapon sales, human trafficking and drugs. Moreover, trafficking and trading also have a harmful effect on the fabric of academia itself. This study uses open sources to track the history of the private Schø
Protection of trafficked people in Italy: policies, limits and challenges
2015
Purpose– The purpose of the article is to analyse the Italian anti-trafficking system by examining its effectiveness in the protection of trafficked people.Design/methodology/approach– The article examines the protection of trafficked people in Italy, focusing in particular on the implementation of Article 18 of the “Consolidated Act of Measures Governing Immigration and Norms on the Condition of Foreign Citizens” (Legislative Decree n. 286/1998), which provides victims with protection and a residence permit independent of their cooperation with the competent authorities in criminal proceedings against offenders.Findings– The article demonstrates that, though the Italian legal framework on …
Virtual Currency: New Step in Monetary Development
2016
Abstract Money is perhaps the best recognized and at the same time less understood figure of economy. During the evolution of a monetary science starting from the eighteenth century and fundamental works on such questions as true nature and main functions of money, the approach and theories about monetary science have changed significantly up to date not reaching the final state. The twenty-first century can be characterized with a vast development of technologies and the increase use of the internet which significantly succeeded the development of monetary system introducing a new phenomenon - virtual currencies. While remaining rather illusive, virtual currencies have been broadly noted b…
Estonian e-Residency: a model for Europe
2020
This paper aims to examine one of the main implications of freedom of establishment: since it is possible to transfer a company abroad effortlessly, in fact, governments are adopting various strategies to make themselves more attractive. These are based on two main directives: first, a convenient tax system, as in Malta, on the other side technology, as proposed in Estonia. These countries’ strategy is radically different: Malta offers an extremely profitable tax system, while Estonia, on the other side, is the only nation in Europe where the optimal use of technology and its potential allows the consolidation and implementation of a totally digital system, whose advantages outweigh those o…
Comparative analysis of Latvian and Estonian AML requirements in regards to the virtual currency exchange service providers – theory and practice
2020
Money laundering is considered as one of the most significant types of financial crime. Its magnitude has only increased in the past decade alongside with the development in the technological field. Since the regulatory framework seeks to mitigate threats posed by existing financial instruments, persons willing to initiate these actions still find new ways to proceed with illicit activities. In that regard, this thesis focuses on comprehending regulatory scope and requirements governing virtual currency exchange service providers at the high level (European Union), while further analysis emphasises their implementation in Estonian and Latvian regulatory framework. By comprehending minimum r…
Noziedzīgi iegūtu līdzekļu legalizācija
2021
Noziedzīgi iegūtu līdzekļu legalizācija ir viena no aktuālākajām problēmām ne tikai Latvijā, bet arī visā pasaulē, jo apdraud ne tikai Latvijas finanšu sistēmu, bet arī starptautisko ekonomisko darbību kopumā, tādēļ Latvijā aktīvi notiek darbs pie tiesību sistēmas pilnveides, lai vienkāršotu noziedzīgi iegūtu līdzekļu apkarošanu. Būtiskākā problēma noziedzīgi iegūtu līdzekļu legalizācijas apkarošanā ir pierādīšana, līdz ar to darbā tiks aplūkots, kādas problēmas pastāv tiesībsargājošām iestādēm noziedzīga nodarījuma atklāšanā. Maģistra darba izstrādes laikā ir izpētīts noziedzīgi iegūtu līdzekļu legalizēšanas normatīvais regulējums, veikta noziedzīgi iegūtu līdzekļu sastāva juridiskā analīz…
The dark side of European immigration policy
2011
More than ten years after the Treaty of Amsterdam came into force and after the programmes of Tampere and Aia, the Stockholm Programme , adopted last December 2009 for the period 2010-2014, has settled for the third time the area of "justice, freedom and security" with which EU presents itself. In relation to the Immigration policy the Stockholm Programme seals the term of security. Now Europe considers its area as a territory that withdraws into itself, through a security logic that caused the disappearance of the traces of the "freedom area". In fact, as it was affirmed in Tampere, this area can't be considered as a mere prerogative of the European citizens. In the name of security, prote…
Customer due diligence requirements, in the context of anti-money laundering regulations in Latvia.
2021
This thesis investigates the problem of Latvian banks’ discriminatory habits towards non-residents in the context of anti-money laundering (AML) regulations, a practice which could have a negative impact on direct foreign investments in Latvia. The main objective of this study is to determine if the problem derives from legal norms or from banks’ arbitrary decisions. The research method is doctrinal legal research. The main conclusions are that Latvian AML legislation is partially aligned with FATF recommendations, therefore future restrictions should be expected. Analysis of the know your customer and due diligence requirements showed an absence of discrimination against non-residents. Cer…
Characterization of poly(4-vinylpyridine 1-oxide) by free-solution capillary electrophoresis and micellar electrokinetic chromatography
2008
The migration characteristics of poly(4-vinylpyridine 1-oxide) (PVP-NO) in phosphate buffers of acidic pH (20 mM H 3 PO 4 or NaH 2 PO 4 ) have been studied using both free-solution capillary electrophoresis (FSCE) and MEKC. To inhibit adsorption, 250 mM o-phosphoethanolamine (2-aminoethyl dihydrogen phosphate) was used. In FSCE, PVP-NO showed a narrow peak and a broader band, both having anionic behavior. These peak and band were attributed to the free and aggregated or micellized PVP-NO forms, respectively. According to surface tension measurements, the CMC of SDS in the BGE was 1.8 and 0.48 mM in the absence and in the presence of 1000 μpg/mL PVP-NO, respectively, and the association of t…
Combining Benford's Law and machine learning to detect money laundering. An actual Spanish court case.
2017
Abstract Objectives This paper is based on the analysis of the database of operations from a macro-case on money laundering orchestrated between a core company and a group of its suppliers, 26 of which had already been identified by the police as fraudulent companies. In the face of a well-founded suspicion that more companies have perpetrated criminal acts and in order to make better use of what are very limited police resources, we aim to construct a tool to detect money laundering criminals. Methods We combine Benford’s Law and machine learning algorithms (logistic regression, decision trees, neural networks, and random forests) to find patterns of money laundering criminals in the conte…