Search results for "Limiting"

showing 10 items of 219 documents

Biological response of multicellular emt6 spheroids to exogenous lactate

1991

The influence of elevated lactate concentrations, as found in tumor microregions, on cellular growth, viability, and metabolic state was studied employing the multicellular spheroid model. Spheroids of EMT6/Ro cells were cultured at 37 degrees C in 5% or 20% (v/v) oxygen, using stirred media with various concentrations of exogenous lactate ranging from 0.0 mM (standard conditions) to 20.0 mM. Elevated concentrations of exogenous lactate led to a considerable decrease of the maximum spheroid diameter at growth saturation, e.g., for 20% O2 from around 1700 microns to 700 microns in 0.0 and 20.0 mM lactate respectively. Histological investigations showed that the thickness of the viable cell r…

Cancer ResearchCell Survivalchemistry.chemical_elementMammary Neoplasms AnimalSpheroplastsIn Vitro TechniquesBiologyOxygenColony-Forming Units AssayMiceOxygen ConsumptionRespirationAnimalsLactic AcidDose-Response Relationship DrugCell growthSpheroidOxygen tensionGlucoseOncologychemistryBiochemistryCell cultureLactatesBiophysicsFemaleLimiting oxygen concentrationSaturation (chemistry)Cell DivisionInternational Journal of Cancer
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Cell Culture Characterization of Prooxidative Chain-Transfer Agents as Novel Cytostatic Drugs

2021

Prooxidative therapy is a well-established concept in infectiology and parasitology, in which prooxidative drugs like artemisinin and metronidazole play a pivotal clinical role. Theoretical considerations and earlier studies have indicated that prooxidative therapy might also represent a promising strategy in oncology. Here, we have investigated a novel class of prooxidative drugs, namely chain-transfer agents, as cytostatic agents in a series of human tumor cell lines in vitro. We have found that different chain-transfer agents of the lipophilic thiol class (like dodecane-1-thiol) elicited half-maximal effective concentrations in the low micromolar range in SY5Y cells (human neuroblastoma)…

Cell Survivallipophilic thiolCellular differentiationPharmaceutical ScienceOrganic chemistryfree radical chain reactionAntineoplastic AgentschemotherapyAntioxidantsArticleAnalytical Chemistryradical propagationHeLaQD241-441Coordination ComplexesNeuroblastomaDrug DiscoverymedicineTumor Cells CulturedHumansDoxorubicinSulfhydryl CompoundsPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryCytotoxicityoxidative cell deathCell Proliferationprooxidative drugbiologyChemistryHEK 293 cellslipid peroxidationbiology.organism_classificationmedicine.diseaseCytostatic Agentschain-transfer agentIn vitroChemistry (miscellaneous)Cell cultureCancer researchMolecular MedicineNitrogen OxidesDrug Screening Assays Antitumormedicine.drugrate-limiting stepMolecules
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Kinetische untersuchungen zur strahleninduzierten festkörperpolymerisation von trioxan und tetroxan IV. Mitt. der Reihe “kinetische und morphologisch…

1971

Die strahlungsinduzierte Polymerisation von kristallinem Tetroxan und Trioxan wurde untersucht und der Einflus von Strahlendosis, Reaktionszeit und -temperatur auf den Umsatz und das Molekulargewicht der entstehenden POM, insbesondere bei der Nachpolymerisation, studiert. Die Zeit-Umsatz-Kurven fur die Nachpolymerisation laufen bei beiden Monomeren asymptotisch gegen einem Grenzwert des Umsatzes, der mit steigender Reaktionstemperatur ansteigt. Die Aktivierungsenergie der Nachpolymerisation wurde zu 24 ± 2 kcal/Mol fur Tetroxan und zu 36–38 kcal/Mol fur Trioxan bestimmt. Die Zeit(t)-Umsatz(x)-Kurven fur Tetroxan lassen sich durch die empirische Gleichung: beschreiben, wobei k1 und k2 Konsta…

Chemical kineticsEmpirical equationschemistry.chemical_compoundReaction temperaturePolymerizationTrioxaneChemistryPolymer chemistryRadiation inducedLimitingDie Makromolekulare Chemie
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Mechanistic and kinetic insight into spontaneous cocrystallisation of isoniazid and benzoic acid

2015

Solid-state cocrystallisation is of contemporary interest, because it offers an easy and efficient way to produce cocrystals, which are recognized as prospective pharmaceutical materials. Research explaining solid-state cocrystallisation mechanisms is important, but still too scarce to give a broad understanding of factors governing and limiting these reactions. Here we report an investigation of the mechanism and kinetics of isoniazid cocrystallisation with benzoic acid. This reaction is spontaneous; however its rate is greatly influenced by environmental conditions (humidity and temperature) and pre-treatment (milling) of the sample. The acceleration of cocrystallisation in the presence o…

ChemistryChemistry PharmaceuticalIsoniazidKineticsPharmaceutical Sciencefood and beveragesLimitingBenzoic AcidCocrystalKineticschemistry.chemical_compoundDrug StabilitySolubilityX-Ray DiffractionMechanism (philosophy)MechanochemistryDrug DiscoveryIsoniazidmedicineThermodynamicsMolecular MedicineOrganic chemistryCrystallizationmedicine.drugBenzoic acid
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Vorschlag zur Unterscheidung der 2 Größen: „Grenzviskositätszahl” u. „konventionelle Viskositätszahl”

1954

Fur viskosimetrische Molekulargewichtsbestimmungen ist es nicht notig, die Viskositatszahl auf den Geschwindigkeitsgradienten 0 zu extrapolieren. Es wird empfohlen, die Viskositatszahl derart zu normieren, das zur Messung bestimmte Kapillarenradien verwendet werden. Dadurch wird jedem Losungsmittel ein bestimmter Gradient (i. A. zwischen 0,5 und 1,5.103 sec−1 zugeordnet, und damit ist auch fur jedes in diesem Losungsmittel gemessene Polymere die „konventionelle Viskositatszahl” eindeutig und reproduzierbar festgelegt. Eichkurven zur viskosimetrischen Molekulargewichtsbestimmung sollten auf die konventionelle Viskositatszahl bezogen werden. Diese weicht nur bei hohen Polymeren von der Grenzv…

ChemistryIntrinsic viscosityPolymer chemistryLimitingDie Makromolekulare Chemie
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Rate-limiting reaction of C 3 S hydration - A reply to the discussion “A new view on the kinetics of tricalcium silicate hydration” by E. Gartner

2018

Abstract In the case of coupled solids-solution reactions, any mean accelerating or decelerating one of the reaction, will also change the other reaction(s) in the same way, through the coupling mediated by the solution. The observation of any kinetic change by one of these means should not lead to too rapid conclusion on the limitation of kinetics and it must be done with great caution. Contrary to what Gartner mentioned, the acceleration of C3S hydration by the addition of calcium silicate hydrate seeds, is not a trivial evidence suggesting that hydration kinetics “has to be” limited by the C-S-H precipitation and that the C3S dissolution can be neglected. In our paper, efforts have been …

ChemistryKinetics0211 other engineering and technologiesMineralogyThermodynamics02 engineering and technologyBuilding and ConstructionLimiting021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologychemistry.chemical_compound021105 building & constructionGeneral Materials ScienceHydration kineticsCalcium silicate hydrate0210 nano-technologyDissolutionTricalcium silicateCement and Concrete Research
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Monodisperse Oligo(2,5-dipropoxy-1,4-phenyleneethynylene)s

2002

Oligo(phenyleneethynylene)s 1 are rod-like compounds with undisturbed conjugation. In supplementation of the previously described members of this series 1a−e, with repeating units of up to n = 5, this work contains the preparation of higher oligomers 1f−i (n = 6, 7, 8, 10) through the use of the Sonogashira−Hagihara reaction. Both the absorption and the fluorescence bands showed convergence for increasing values of n, reaching limiting values at the effective conjugation length of nECL = 10. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002)

ChemistryOrganic ChemistryDispersityPolymer chemistryLimitingPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryAbsorption (chemistry)Medicinal chemistryFluorescenceEuropean Journal of Organic Chemistry
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Assessment of a single-acquisition imaging sequence for oxygen-sensitive (3)He-MRI.

2001

MRI of the lungs using hyperpolarized helium-3 (3He) allows the determination of intrapulmonary oxygen partial pressures (pO2). The need to separate competing processes of signal loss has hitherto required two different imaging series during two different breathing maneuvers. In this work, a new imaging strategy to measure pO2 by a single series of consecutive scans is presented. The feasibility of the method is demonstrated in three healthy human volunteers. Maps and histograms of intrapulmonary pO2 are calculated. Changes in the oxygen concentration of the inhaled gas mixture are well reproduced in the histograms. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of the temporal evolution of 3He hyperpolariza…

ChemistryPartial PressureMonte Carlo methodHealthy subjectschemistry.chemical_elementrespiratory systemOxygenHeliumMagnetic Resonance ImagingOxygenNuclear magnetic resonanceIsotopesHistogramImage Processing Computer-AssistedHumansRadiology Nuclear Medicine and imagingLimiting oxygen concentrationComputer SimulationHyperpolarization (physics)Inhaled GasPulmonary VentilationLungMonte Carlo MethodLung functionMagnetic resonance in medicine
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Physiologische Eigenschaften geblasener Öle

1962

Durch Blasen von polyensaure-reichen Olen bei hoheren Temperaturen erhalt man Praparate, bei denen mit zunehmender Blasintensitat die Toxicitat zunachst zunimmt, ein Maximum erreicht und dann wieder abfallt. Die Toxicitat dieser geblasenen Ole ist wahrscheinlich auf Oxypolymere zuruckzufuhren. Die Grenzdosis, von der auch mit toxischen Wirkungen solcher geblasener Ole zu rechnen ist, wurde an der Ratte zu etwa 0.45 bis 0.90 g je kg Korpergewicht bestimmt. Physiological Properties of Blown Oils By blowing oils, rich in poly-unsaturated-acids, at high temperatures a product is obtained whose toxicity is increased with increase in the intensity of blowing till a certain maximum is reached and …

ChemistryPolymer chemistryLimitingMedicinal chemistryFette, Seifen, Anstrichmittel
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Viskosität und durchspülung von cellulosetrinitraten in aceton

1968

Die hohe Persistenzlange der Molekule von Cellulosetrinitrat (CTN) hat eine Reihe von Losungseigenschaften zur Folge, die im Lichte neuerer Theorien gut verstandlich sind: (1) Der statistische Parameter z ist niedrig, und daher ist auch in guten Losungsmitteln der Expansionsfaktor α ≡ r/rΘ nicht weit uber 1. (2) Die Durchspulbarkeit der Knauel ist hoch, das heist, der Faktor Φ = [η]M/r3 ist niedrig und hangt stark vom Molekulargewicht ab, (3) Dieser Effekt bedingt einen hohen Wert des Exponenten a in der [η]-M-Beziehung (a = 0,90 ± 0,05). The large value of the persistence length of cellulose trinitrate molecules (CTN) is responsible for a number of solution properties. A satisfactory inter…

ChemistryPolymer chemistryPhysical chemistryLimitingDie Makromolekulare Chemie
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