Search results for "Lithium"

ChemInform Abstract: Addition of Organolithium Reagents to Cinnamic Acids.

2010

Abstract Reaction of tert -butyllithium with p - and m -substituted cinnamic acids at low temperature affords mixtures of 1,4- and 1,3-addition products, whose composition depend on the nature of the substituents. Electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups favour 1,4- and 1,3-additions, respectively. Linear correlations are obtained with electronic effect and with radical substituent constants.

ChemInform Abstract: Trienediolates of Hexadienoic Acids in Synthesis. Synthesis of Retinoic and nor-Retinoic Acids.

2010

Abstract Double deprotonation of either (E,E)-3-methyl-2,4-hexadienoic acid 2, or 4,6-dimethyldihydro-2-pyrone 3 generates apparently the same lithium trienediolate, which affords ω-hydroxy acids 9 on reaction with ketones 7. Hydroxy acids 9 are easily dehydrated to octatrienoic acids 5, which are structurally related to retinoic acid. Similarly, sorbic acid 1 leads to nor-retinoic acid analogs 6.

Lithium Chloride Affects The Development Of Allergic Airway Disease

2012

Studien zum Vorgang der Wasserstoffübertragung 36 [1] Einfluß von Art und Struktur einiger Leitsalze auf die elektrochemische Spaltung von Diarylsulf…

1975

Tensammetrische Messungen bestatigen, das Tetraalkylammoniumsalze in Methanol mit steigender Kettenlange der Alkylreste und wachsender Konzentration zunehmend starker an der Quecksilberoberflache adsorbiert werden. Polarographie und Zyklovoltammetrie der Diarylsulfone 1–8 in Methanol lassen folgende Schlusse zu: 1 Unabhangig von der Alkylkettenlange der Tetraalkylammoniumsalze werden die Diarylsulfone 1–6 nach einem ECE-Mechanismus gespalten. Bei Verwendung von Alkalileitsalzen sind die genannten Sulfone polarographisch inaktiv. 2 Beim 4-Cyano-diphenylsulfon wird mit Tetramethylammoniumchlorid zyklovoltammetrisch keine Reversibilitat des ersten Elektronen ubergangs beobachtet, wohl aber mit…

Trace element determination in sediments: a comparative study between neutron activation analysis (NAA) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrome…

2000

An inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method has been employed for trace element determination in five real sediment samples and a standard reference material. These samples were mineralized by dry ashing at 550°C and fused at 1100°C for 30 min with lithium metaborate. Dissolved samples were measured by a semiquantitative methodology with external calibration and with Rh as an internal standard. More than 50 elements have been measured. As a reference technique, a direct analysis of the solid samples was carried out by neutron activation analysis. Results obtained by ICP-MS have been compared with those obtained by neutron activation analysis (NAA) by applying the paired …

<title>Cerium-containing counter electrodes for transparent electrochromic devices</title>

1997

Films of Me-Ce oxide (Me: Ti, Zr, Sn, W) and of Ni-Ce hydroxide were produced by reactive magnetron co-sputtering. Li intercalation in Me-Ce oxide, and H exchange in Ni-Ce hydroxide, were accomplished electrochemically. Electrochromism was quenched in proportion with the Ce content in Me-Ce oxide. Films of Zr-Ce (and to some extent Ti-Ce) oxide were able to serve as fully transparent counter electrodes, of much interest for transparent electrochromic devices. In Ni-Ce hydroxide, the Ce addition enhanced the capacity for charge exchange.

Alkylumlagerungen und acidolyse der ethylidenbrücken bei der synthese von ethylidendiphenolen

1990

For the synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical ethylidenediphenols the corresponding hydroxyphenylethanols (1a–c) were prepared by hydrogenation of hydroxyphenyl methyl ketones with hydrogen/Raney nickle or with lithium aluminium hydride. Condensations of the hydroxyphenylethanols with different phenols under the usual acidic conditions gave products formally resulting form transalkylations. Only the reaction of 1-(3-bromo-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanol (1c) with p-cresol gave the expected product 2d with 82% yield. Experiments with ethylidenediphenols showed that with acids in presence or absence of phenols cleavage and recondensations take place leading to products of formal transal…

Effects of VTE Treatment on Composition of Lithium Tantalate Single Crystals

2011

The vapour transport equilibration (VTE) is used to change the Li/Ta ratio in lithium tantalate single crystals of different crystallographic orientations (Z-cut and Y/128°-cut). Treatment by VTE is shown to provide thin layers in lithium tantalate plates composition of which is close to stoichiometric while the values of the coercive field are different, much smaller compared with congruent single crystals. There are several mechanisms of diffusion of the Li+ ions in LiTaO3 under conditions of VTE the contribution of each being dependent on the crystallographic orientation of the sample.

Optical properties of lithium niobate single crystals

2005

Studies of thermal and γ-irradiation effects on the optical properties in congruous lithium niobate single crystals containing Y, Mg, Gd, B, and Zn dopants including samples with double dopants Y, Mg and Gd, Mg are reported. Formation of defects at irradiation and thermal treatment of the samples is explored by electron absorption spectra. Considerable increase of absorption with the dose of γ-radiation is observed at 500 nm. The changes of absorption examined under different conditions are explained by creation and destruction of Nb 4 + defects.

The Effects of Admixtures on Resistance to Radiation of Lithium Niobate Crystals

2015

The studies of optical absorption and transmission of crystalline lithium niobate compounds modified by rare-earth and alkali-earth elements: LiNbO3: Y (0.46 wt %), LiNbO3: Y (0.32 wt %), Mg (0.24 wt %), LiNbO3: Mg (0.27 wt %), LiNbO3: Gd (0.004, 0.04, 0.26, and 0.43 wt %), and ostensibly pure LiNbO3 is reported. The features of absorption and transmission are examined with respect to the dosage of γ-irradiation, the annealing temperature, and the type and concentration of modifying admixtures. The features revealed in different ways of bleaching γ-irradiated and annealed in vacuum ostensibly pure lithium niobate crystals are used to refine the mechanisms of developing electron and point de…