Search results for "Llar"
showing 10 items of 3592 documents
ASTROCYTES SHED EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES THAT CONTAIN FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR-2 AND VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR.
2007
An important component of the pathogenic process of multiple sclerosis (MS) is the blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage. We recently set an in vitro model of BBB, based on a three-cell-type co-culture system, in which rat neurons and astrocytes synergistically induce brain capillary endothelial cells to form a monolayer with permeability properties resembling those of the physiological BBB. Herein we report that the serum from patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) has a damaging effect on isolated neurons. This finding suggests that neuronal damaging in MS could be a primary event and not only secondary to myelin damage, as generally assumed. SPMS serum affects the perme…
NEURONS PRODUCE FGF-2 AND VEGF SECRETE THEM AT LEST IN PART BY SHEDDING EXTRACELLULAR VESCICLES
2007
Abstract We previously found that neurons are able to affect the ability of brain capillary endothelial cells to form in vitro a monolayer with properties resembling the blood-brain barrier. We then looked, by immunofluorescence and western analysis, for factors, produced by neurons, with the potential to influence growth and differentiation of endothelial cells. In the present paper, we report that neurons produce both vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 2, two well-known angiogenic factors. More interestingly, we gained evidence that both factors are released by neurons, at least in part, by shedding of extracellular vesicles, that contain β1 integrin, a membra…
Ovine Carotid Artery-Derived Cells as an Optimized Supportive Cell Layer in 2-D Capillary Network Assays
2014
PLoS one 9(3), e91664 (2014). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0091664
The impact of the receptor binding profiles of the vascular endothelial growth factors on their angiogenic features
2013
Abstract Background Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are potential therapeutic agents for treatment of ischemic diseases. Their angiogenic effects are mainly mediated through VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2). Methods Receptor binding, signaling, and biological efficacy of several VEGFR2 ligands were compared to determine their characteristics regarding angiogenic activity and vascular permeability. Results Tested VEGFR2 ligands induced receptor tyrosine phosphorylation with different efficacy depending on their binding affinities. However, the tyrosine phosphorylation pattern and the activation of the major downstream signaling pathways were comparable. The maximal angiogenic effect stim…
Capillary enlargement, not sprouting angiogenesis, determines beneficial therapeutic effects and side effects of angiogenic gene therapy.
2010
Aims Currently, it is still unclear which mechanisms drive metabolic benefits after angiogenic gene therapy. The side-effect profile of efficient angiogenic gene therapy is also currently incompletely understood. In this study, the effects of increasing doses of adenoviral (Ad) vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) were evaluated on vascular growth, metabolic benefits, and systemic side effects. Methods and results Adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor-A or AdLacZ control was injected intramuscularly (109–1011 vp/mL) or intra-arterially (5 × 1011 vp/mL) into rabbit ( n = 102) hindlimb muscles and examined 6 or 14 days later. Blood flow, tissue oedema, metabolic benefits, and…
Sonic hedgehog promotes angiogenesis and osteogenesis in a coculture system consisting of primary osteoblasts and outgrowth endothelial cells.
2009
A number of previous studies documented the angiogenic potential of outgrowth endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo and provided evidence that therapeutic success could depend on coculture or coimplantation strategies. Thus, deeper insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying this pro-angiogenic effect of cocultures might provide new translational options for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. One promising signaling pathway in bone repair involved in neoangiogenesis and bone formation is the sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway. In this article, we focus on the effect of Shh on the formation of microvessel-like structures and osteoblastic differentiation in cocultures of primary os…
A method of desingularization for analytic two-dimensional vector field families
1991
It is well known that isolated singularities of two dimensional analytic vector fields can be desingularized: after a finite number of blowing up operations we obtain a vector field that exhibits only elementary singularities. In the present paper we introduce a similar method to simplify the periodic limit sets of analytic families of vector fields. Although the method is applied here only to reduce to families in which the zero set has codimension at least two, we conjecture that it can be used in general. This is related to the famouss Hibert's problem about planar vector fields.
Light Curves of Radio Supernovae
2007
We present the results from the on-going radio monitoring of recent type II supernovae (SNe), including SNe 2004et, 2004dj, 2002hh, 2001em, and 2001gd. Using the Very Large Array to monitor these supernovae, we present their radio light-curves. From these data we are able to discuss parameterizations and modeling and make predictions of the nature of the progenitors based on previous research. Derived mass loss rates assume wind-established circumstellar medium, shock velocity ~10,000 km/s, wind velocity ~10 km/s, and CSM Temperature ~10,000 K.
Immunoelectron Microscopy of Vesicle Transport to the Primary Cilium of Photoreceptor Cells
2009
Cilia are organelles of high structural complexity. Since the biosynthetic machinery is absent from cilia all their molecular components must be synthesized in organelles of the cytoplasm and subsequently transported to the cilium. Ciliary cargos are thought to be translocated in the membrane of transport vesicles or association with these vesicles to the base of the cilium where the vesicles fuse with the periciliary target membrane for further delivery of their cargo into the ciliary compartment by the intraflagellar transport (IFT). Here we describe a modified preembedding labeling method as an alternative technique to conventional postembedding methods eligible for analyses of ciliary c…
Vaskulärer Schwindel
2002
Ischemia,hemorrhages, and other vascular disorders can result in various central or peripheral vestibular syndromes with vertigo, oculomotor/balance disturbances, and nausea. The vascular vertigo syndromes listed in Table 1 can however be brought about by other causes such as demyelitizing focuses in multiple sclerosis or space-occupying lesions, so that not only localization of the damaged structure but also the various etiologies are decisive for the choice of therapy. Occasionally, combined functional disturbances of the peripheral and central vestibular system appear, such as an infarction of the inferior anterior cerebellar artery, which supplies the labyrinth and parts of the brainste…