Search results for "Lymphocyte"

showing 10 items of 2280 documents

HBV-specific immune defect in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is correlated with a dysregulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.

1999

SUMMARY The aim of this study was to examine the immunomodulating effects of rhIL-12 on the immune response induced by hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigens in clinical subgroups of patients with HBV infection. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 80 patients were stimulated with HBsAg, HBcAg, pre-S1Ag and tetanus toxoid in the absence or presence of IL-12 (0.01, 0.1 and 1 ng/ml). Stimulation by anti-CD3 + anti-CD28 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used as controls. Proliferation and cytokine production were determined by 3H-thymidine uptake and ELISA after 72 h. After stimulation with HBV antigens only, production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) or IL-10 was observed in all pat…

HBsAgHepatitis B virusImmunologyAntigen-Presenting CellsIn Vitro Techniquesmedicine.disease_causeLymphocyte ActivationHepatitis B AntigensInterferon-gammaHepatitis B ChronicOrthohepadnavirusmedicineImmunology and AllergyHumansHepatitis B AntibodiesHepatitisHepatitis B virusbiologybusiness.industryTumor Necrosis Factor-alphavirus diseasesOriginal ArticlesHepatitis Bmedicine.diseasebiology.organism_classificationVirologyInterleukin-12digestive system diseasesRecombinant ProteinsInterleukin-10HBcAgHBeAgHepadnaviridaeImmunologyDNA ViralLeukocytes MononuclearCytokinesInflammation MediatorsbusinessClinical and experimental immunology
researchProduct

Fine-mapping of the B-cell epitope domain at the N-terminus of the preS2 region of the hepatitis B surface antigen

2002

In this study, we report the exact localization and substitutional characterization of a B-cell epitope domain at the N-terminus of the preS2 region of the hepatitis B surface antigen. A set of deletion variants containing preS2 sequences of different length was generated on the basis of frCP as a carrier. It was found after Western blot analysis that three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) (2-11B1, 3-11C2, HB.OT10) recognized the linear preS2 sequence within the amino acid (aa) stretch 3-WNSTTFHQTLQDP-13. The importance of each aa residue of the epitope was proved by comparison of antibody binding to alanine-substituted peptides in both free-peptide and Pepscan variants.

HBsAgmedicine.drug_classBlotting WesternMolecular Sequence DataImmunologyMonoclonal antibodyEpitopeMiceViral Envelope ProteinsmedicineAnimalsImmunology and AllergyAmino Acid SequenceProtein PrecursorsPeptide sequenceHepatitis B Surface AntigensLinear epitopebiologyAntibodies MonoclonalMolecular biologyEpitope mappingPepscanbiology.proteinEpitopes B-LymphocyteAntibodyEpitope MappingJournal of Immunological Methods
researchProduct

Seasonal features of lymphocyte extravasation through bthe lymph nodal HEVS

2008

HEVlymphocyte extravasation through bthe lymph nodeseason
researchProduct

Quantification of CD8+ T lymphocytes responsive to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) peptide antigens in HIV-infected patients and seronegative pers…

1998

/ T cells responding to HIV-1 peptides were observed in none of 11 HIV- seronegative donors without a history of HIV exposure. ELISPOT assays are relatively fast and easy to perform and appear to reliably detect T cell reactivity due to previous exposure to HIV. These findings support the use of the ELISPOT assay for monitoring T cell responsiveness to HIV peptides. In acute infection with the human immunodeficiency virus We described recently an enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay to detect and quantitate single blood-de- type 1 (HIV-1), initial reduction in virus load is associated with the appearance of a high frequency of antiviral cytotoxic T rived CD8 / T lymphocytes forming tumo…

HIV AntigensT cellHIV Core Protein p24HIV InfectionsBiologyCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesHLA-A3 AntigenVirusAntigenRisk FactorsHLA-A2 AntigenmedicineImmunology and AllergyCytotoxic T cellHumansAntigen PresentationELISPOTT lymphocytebiology.organism_classificationVirologyHIV Reverse TranscriptaseInfectious Diseasesmedicine.anatomical_structureImmunologyLentivirusPeptidesCD8The Journal of infectious diseases
researchProduct

Consensus guidelines for the detection of immunogenic cell death

2014

Apoptotic cells have long been considered as intrinsically tolerogenic or unable to elicit immune responses specific for dead cell-associated antigens. However, multiple stimuli can trigger a functionally peculiar type of apoptotic demise that does not go unnoticed by the adaptive arm of the immune system, which we named "immunogenic cell death" (ICD). ICD is preceded or accompanied by the emission of a series of immunostimulatory damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in a precise spatiotemporal configuration. Several anticancer agents that have been successfully employed in the clinic for decades, including various chemotherapeutics and radiotherapy, can elicit ICD. Moreover, defect…

HSV-1 herpes simplex virus type IΔψm mitochondrial transmembrane potentialmedicine.medical_treatmentDAMP damage-associated molecular patterndetectionFLT3LG fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligandReviewmember 3calreticulinEukaryotic translation initiation factor 2ARFP red fluorescent protein0302 clinical medicineMOMP mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilizationImmunology and AllergyGFP green fluorescent proteinHMGB10303 health scienceseducation.field_of_studyToll-like receptorBAK1 BCL2-antagonist/killer 1H2B histone 2Bendoplasmic reticulum stre3. Good healthBAX BCL2-associated X proteinXBP1 X-box binding protein 1cell deathOncologyPDIA3 protein disulfide isomerase family A030220 oncology & carcinogenesisendoplasmic reticulum stressImmunogenic cell deathHSP heat shock proteinimmunotherapyTLR Toll-like receptorautophagyATF6 activating transcription factor 6ImmunologyICD immunogenic cell deathEIF2A eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2AGuidelinesBiologyBCL2 B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 proteinER endoplasmic reticulumPI propidium iodideATP release03 medical and health sciencesImmune systemimmunogenicmedicineIFN interferonAntigen-presenting celleducation030304 developmental biologyCALR calreticulinDamage-associated molecular patternImmunotherapyCTL cytotoxic T lymphocyteHMGB1 high mobility group box 1IL interleukinG3BP1 GTPase activating protein (SH3 domain) binding protein 1APC antigen-presenting cellCancer cellImmunologyDiOC6(3) 33′-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodideDAPI 4′6-diamidino-2-phenylindoleOncoImmunology
researchProduct

Isolation of HTLV III/LAV from drug addicts in Palermo.

1987

The new human retroviruses HTLV III/LAV, implicated as the causative agent of AIDS, have been isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes of 5 of 13 drugs abusers with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex (ARC). In one patient the virus was also found in cell-free plasma. No HTLV III/LAV was detected in or isolated from 5 clinically healthy drug abusers. The lymphocytes were cultured with interleukin 2 and expressed either a transcriptase reverse activity or HTLV III/LAV antigens within 2-3 weeks of cultivation. The viruses were also transmitted into normal lymphocytes from cord blood of human newborns. At the present state of development, virological investigation, other than …

HTLIII/LAV PalermoAIDS-Related Complex/microbiologyMaleRiskAIDS-Related ComplexSubstance-Related DisordersHIVHumansFemaleLymphocytesisolation HTLIII/LAVSettore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E ApplicataSicilyMicrobiologica
researchProduct

Immune activation promotes evolutionary conservation of T-cell epitopes in HIV-1.

2013

The immune system should constitute a strong selective pressure promoting viral genetic diversity and evolution. However, HIV shows lower sequence variability at T-cell epitopes than elsewhere in the genome, in contrast with other human RNA viruses. Here, we propose that epitope conservation is a consequence of the particular interactions established between HIV and the immune system. On one hand, epitope recognition triggers an anti-HIV response mediated by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs), but on the other hand, activation of CD4(+) helper T lymphocytes (TH cells) promotes HIV replication. Mathematical modeling of these opposite selective forces revealed that selection at the intrapatient l…

Helper T lymphocyteQH301-705.5HIV AntigensEpitopes T-LymphocyteHIV InfectionsImmunodominanceBiologyVirus ReplicationGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular BiologyEpitopeEvolution Molecular03 medical and health sciencesImmune systemCytotoxic T cellHumansComputer SimulationAmino Acid SequenceBiology (General)BiologyConserved Sequence030304 developmental biologyImmune Evasion0303 health sciencesImmunity CellularGeneral Immunology and MicrobiologyModels Genetic030306 microbiologyGeneral NeuroscienceGenetic VariationViral LoadVirology3. Good healthEpitope mappingHIV AntigensViral replicationImmunologyHost-Pathogen InteractionsSynopsisHIV-1General Agricultural and Biological SciencesAlgorithms
researchProduct

Behavior of a Short preS1 Epitope on the Surface of Hepatitis B Core Particles

1999

The major immunodominant region of hepatitis B core particles is widely recognized as the most prospective target for the insertion of foreign epitopes, ensuring their maximal antigenicity and immunogenicity. This region was mapped around amino acid residues 79-81, which were shown by electron cryo-microscopy to be located on the tips of the spikes protruding from the surface of hepatitis B core shells. Here we tried to expose a model sequence, the short immunodominant hepatitis B preS1 epitope 31-DPAFR-35, onto the tip of the spike, with simultaneous deletion of varying stretches from the major immunodominant region of the HBc molecule. Accessibility to the monoclonal anti-preS1 antibody M…

Hepatitis B virusAntigenicityRecombinant Fusion ProteinsGenetic VectorsMolecular Sequence DataClinical BiochemistryAntigen presentationmedicine.disease_causeBiochemistryEpitopeMicemedicineAnimalsHumansAmino Acid SequenceProtein PrecursorsMolecular BiologyPeptide sequenceHepatitis B virusAntigen PresentationMice Inbred BALB CHepatitis B Surface AntigensbiologyImmunodominant EpitopesChemistryImmunogenicityHepatitis B Core AntigensVirologyPolyclonal antibodiesbiology.proteinEpitopes B-LymphocyteFemaleRabbitsAntibodyPlasmidsBiological Chemistry
researchProduct

EGF and HGF levels are increased during active HBV infection and enhance survival signaling through extracellular matrix interactions in primary huma…

2008

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major causative agent of chronic liver disease and subsequent liver cirrhosis worldwide. The reduced sensitivity of virus-infected liver cells to apoptosis may play a role in the failure to remove virus-infected cells and eventually promote viral chronicity. The purpose of our study was to investigate whether survival factors induced during compensatory liver regeneration may protect hepatocytes against apoptosis. We evaluated the serum levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in HBV-infected patients and found significant increases in HGF and EGF in patients with active virus infection. In primary human hepatocytes we show …

Hepatitis B virusCancer ResearchProgrammed cell deathApoptosisBiologyMembrane PotentialsFocal adhesionWortmanninchemistry.chemical_compoundEpidermal growth factorCell AdhesionmedicineHumansfas ReceptorCells CulturedEpidermal Growth FactorHepatocyte Growth FactorHepatitis BLiver regenerationExtracellular Matrixmedicine.anatomical_structureOncologychemistryImmune SystemHepatocyteImmunologyHepatocytesCancer researchHepatocyte growth factorSignal transductionSignal TransductionT-Lymphocytes Cytotoxicmedicine.drugInternational Journal of Cancer
researchProduct

Mixed cryoglobulinemia type II in chronic hepatitis B associated with HBe-minus HBV mutant: Cellular immune reactions and response to interferon trea…

1994

The case of a young female patient with chronic active hepatitis B, vasculitic purpura, edema, and circulating immune complexes due to mixed Cryoglobulinemia is described. Serum transami-nases were elevated. Serological assays showed hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to hepatitis B e antigen (anti-HBe), and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) antibodies but no antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) or antibody to hepatitis delta virus (anti-HDV) antibodies. Using hepatitis B virus-polymerase chain reaction (HBV-PCR) and direct sequencing a precore/core (preC/C) mutant unable to synthesize HBeAg was detected in serum. HBV antigens were demonstrated in the circulatin…

Hepatitis B virusHBsAgAdolescentT-Lymphocytesmedicine.disease_causeAntigenVirologymedicineHumansHepatitis B e AntigensHepatitis ChronicHepatitis B virusImmunity Cellularbiologybusiness.industryInterferon-alphavirus diseasesHepatitis BHepatitis Bmedicine.diseasebiology.organism_classificationVirologydigestive system diseasesHBcAgInfectious DiseasesCryoglobulinemiaHBeAgHepadnaviridaeMutationImmunologyLeukocytes MononuclearFemalebusinessImmune complex diseaseFollow-Up StudiesJournal of Medical Virology
researchProduct