Search results for "Lymphocyte"

New glucocorticoids. Mechanisms of immunological activity at the cellular level and in the clinical setting.

1990

Immune pathogenesis of hepatitis A

1992

In an effort to elucidate the mechanism of liver damage resulting from Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection, we have studied infected skin fibroblasts and autologous lymphocytes from HAV patients. We report here that HLA-restricted virus-specific T cells play an essential role in HAV-related hepatocellular injury.

Preemptive Transfer of GMP-Grade CD8-Depleted Donor Lymphocytes after T-Cell Depleted Reduced-Intensity Transplantation.

2005

Abstract The combination of fludarabin (150mg/m2) / melphalan (140mg/m2) based reduced-intensity allo-transplantation (RIT) with in vivo T-cell depletion (TCD) by the anti-CD52 antibody alemtuzumab (100mg) has demonstrated efficient engraftment and reduced graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (Kottaridis et al., Blood 2000). However, the slow lymphocyte recovery following this protocol is associated with reduced anti-infectious and antitumor immunity. In an attempt to improve immune-reconstitution after TCD / RIT, we investigated the early preemptive use of CD8-depleted donor lymphocyte infusions (DLIs). For CD8 depletion of donor leukaphereses, a new depletion protocol using clinical grade CD8…

Graft-Versus-Host Disease or Infection: Rapid Detection of HLA Mismatch-Reactive T Cells Ex Vivo Can Facilitate Diagnosis and Guide Therapy after All…

2007

Abstract Diagnosis of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is mainly based on clinical features and on tissue biopsies. However, clinicians and pathologists are well aware of cases, in which GVHD cannot be distinguished from infections arising from severe immunodeficiency after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (SCT). This may pose a deep therapeutic dilemma of whether to modify immunosuppressive treatment or to use donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) for promoting anti-microbial immunity. We observed a 68-year-old patient with myelodysplastic syndrome who developed acute GVHD grade II of skin and gut at d+16 after T-cell depleted reduced-intensity SCT (Fig. 1). GVHD was confirmed by histology a…

T-Cell Vaccination in Patients with Nickel Allergic Contact Dermatitis

1995

Importance of HLA-DR+ and CD1a+ Epidermal Cells for Cytokine Production in Psoriasis

1995

Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease characterised by marked hyperproliferation of keratinocytes in association with vascular expansion, leukocyte infiltration and lymphocyte activation1. Cytokines are thought to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis. It is speculated that a dysregulation of the cytokine network involving tumor-necrosis-factor-a (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) might be the basic mechanism of the psoriatic inflammatory response2. TNF-α is the prototype of a proinflammatory peptide exerting immunomodulatory effects. IL-6 is a multifunctional cytokine with a broad range of biological functions in both acute and chronic inflammatory reactions. IL-8…

Immunotherapy targeting colon cancer stem cells

2010

In the last 10 years, cancer stem cells have interested the scientific community because this small tumorigenic population is also associated with tumor progression in human patients and specific targeting of cancer stem cells could be a strategy to eradicate cancers currently resistant to conventional therapy. Clinical studies have recently demonstrated that adding immune therapy to chemotherapy has survival benefits in comparison with chemotherapy alone that can sensitize tumors to immune cell-mediated killing (e.g., increasing sensitivity of tumor cells to subsequent cytotoxicity by T cells via upregulation of death receptors DR5 and Fas). However, loss of MHC molecules is often observe…

Cetuximab +/- chemotherapy enhances dendritic cell-mediated phagocytosis of colon cancer cells and ignites a highly efficient colon cancer antigen-sp…

2012

Cetuximab is a human/mouse chimeric IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to epidermal growth factor receptor, approved for colorectal carcinoma treatment in combination with chemotherapy. The immune-mediated effects elicited by its human fraction of crystallization moiety might critically contribute to the overall anti-tumor effectiveness of the antibody. We therefore investigated cetuximab ability to promote colon cancer cell opsonization and phagocytosis by human dendritic cells (DCs) that are subsequently engaged in antigen-cross presentation to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) precursors. Human colon cancer cell lines were evaluated for susceptibility to DC-mediated phagocytosis before and after …

Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the modulation of T-cell signalling

2009

n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been shown to modulate immune responses. These agents, being considered as adjuvant immunosuppressants, have been used in the treatment of various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms of action of n-3 PUFA-induced immunosuppressive effects are not well-understood. Since exogenous n-3 PUFA, under in vitro and in vivo conditions, are efficiently incorporated into T-cell plasma membranes, a number of recent studies have demonstrated that these agents may modulate T-cell signalling. In this review, the interactions of n-3 PUFA with the second messenger cascade initiated during early and late events of T-cell activati…

Characterization of HLA-DR- and TCR-binding residues of an immunodominant and genetically permissive peptide of the 16-kDa protein of Mycobacterium t…

2004

The 16-kDa protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis represents an important antigenic target during bacillary latency and, consequently, should be considered as candidate subunit vaccine component. In this study, we have used CD4 T cell clones that recognize the peptide p91-110, an immunodominant and genetically permissive epitope, in the context of five different HLA-DR molecules and truncated and substituted variants of this peptide, to identify the minimal binding sequence (HLA-DR-binding core) and the minimal stimulatory sequence (TCR-binding core), as well as the residues that contact HLA-DR molecules and the TCR. We have found a common 9-mer sequence, spanning amino acids 93-101, as the …